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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2023 Feb 10;245:109804. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109804

Table 3.

Strategy selection beyond the minimum required by site, setting, and opioid-related deaths per 100,000 population

Study Sites Setting Deaths per 100 k a Total
KY MA NY OH Rural Urban <30.91 >30.91
Number of Communities 8 8 8 9 15 18 16 17 33
Strategies Selected, n 217 133 156 112 271 347 276 342 618
Strategies Selected beyond the minimum required b 177 (81.6) 93 (69.9) 116 (74.4) 67 (59.8) 196 (72.3) 257 (74.1) 196 (71.0) 257 (75.1) 453 (73.3)
OEND b 81 (45.8) 33 (35.5) 42 (36.2) 29 (43.3) 92 (46.9) 93 (36.2) 74 (37.8) 111 (43.2) 185 (40.8)
Active OEND c 59 (72.8) 18 (54.5) 24 (57.1) 25 (86.2) 58 (63.0) 68 (73.1) 44 (59.5) 82 (73.9) 126 (68.1)
Optional OENDc 22 (27.2) 15 (45.5) 18 (42.9) 4 (13.8) 34 (37.0) 25 (26.9) 30 (40.5) 29 (26.1) 59 (31.9)
MOUD b 65 (36.7) 31 (33.3) 47 (40.5) 16 (23.9) 61 (31.1) 98 (38.1) 72 (36.7) 87 (33.9) 159 (35.1)
Expansiond 15 (23.1) 8 (25.8) 18 (38.3) 5 (31.3) 18 (29.5) 28 (28.6) 25 (34.7) 21 (24.1) 46 (28.9)
Linkaged 24 (36.9) 13 (41.9) 25 (53.2) 9 (56.3) 25 (41.0) 46 (46.9) 34 (47.2) 37 (42.5) 71 (44.7)
Engagement/retentiond 26 (40.0) 10 (32.3) 4 (8.5) 2 (12.5) 18 (29.5) 24 (24.5) 13 (18.1) 29 (33.3) 42 (26.4)
Safer Prescribing/Dispensing b 31 (17.5) 29 (31.2) 27 (23.3) 22 (32.8) 43 (21.9) 66 (25.7) 50 (25.5) 59 (23.0) 109 (24.1)
Required e 23 (74.2) 25 (86.2) 13 (48.1) 13 (59.1) 30 (69.8) 44 (66.7) 30 (60.0) 44 (74.6) 74 (67.9)
Optional e 8 (25.8) 4 (13.8) 14 (51.9) 9 (40.9) 13 (30.2) 22 (33.3) 20 (40.0) 15 (25.4) 35 (32.1)
a

Each community’s death rate is the median of its 2018, 2019, 2020 yearly rates.

b

n (%) of total selected strategies that are beyond the minimum of 5 per community;

c

n (%) of strategies beyond the minimum that are OEND;

d

n (%) of strategies beyond the minimum that are MOUD;

e

n (%) of strategies beyond the minimum that are safer prescribing.