Figure 1.

Conceptual model. Resources are used to support reproductive success. The ways that men and women do this can be highly divergent or more similar, according to the type of resource and surrounding socio-ecological constraints on reproduction. The relationship between resources and reproductive success (as well as other variables, such as paternity certainty) are thought to underlie differences in kinship systems (path A). Resultant norms and institutions can, in turn, influence the relationships between resources and reproductive success and feed potential divergence between men and women (path B).