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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Epidemiology. 2023 May 30;34(4):576–588. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000001621

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Distribution of Neighborhood Deprivation Index (NDI) and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Position Index (nSEPI) by maternal race/ethnicity, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997 – 2011