TABLE 2.

Studies on the role of VD in metabolic syndrome.

Vitamin D	Methods	Results	Ref
VD3	600 postmenopausal women were given 1,000 mg calcium +400 IU VD3 and placebo respectively	Supplemental CaD significantly increases 25(OH)D concentrations and decreases LDL-C	Schnatz et al. (2014)
Cholecalciferol	160 women were randomized to 2 groups: oral 1,000 IU cholecalciferol/d (n = 80) or placebo (n = 80) for 9 months	Supplementation with 1,000 IU of VD alone was associated with an increase in adiponectin and a decrease in resistin	Schmitt et al. (2023)
VD	104 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes were assigned in to 2 groups: a group consuming 4000 IU VD (n = 52) or a group consuming placebo (n = 52)	Supplementation with VD (4000 IU/d) may have a beneficial effect on serum triglyceride levels	Muñoz-Aguirre et al. (2015)
VD3	Women undergoing VD supplementation had a lower risk of MetS, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperglycemia for 9 months	Women undergoing VD supplementation had a lower risk of MetS, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperglycemia	Ferreira et al. (2020)
VD2	80 postmenopausal women were assigned to treatment (N = 40, receiving VD2 40,000 IU/week) or control (N = 40, receiving placebo) for 10 weeks	VD2 supplementation with ergocalciferol 40,000 IU/week can reduce hsCRP level	Indhavivadhana et al. (2022)
VD	59 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes received fortified yogurt (2000 IU VD in 100 g/day) or plain yogurt (PY) for 12 weeks	Daily consumption of 2000 IU VD-fortified yogurt improved glycemic markers, anthropometric indexes, inflammation, and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes	Jafari et al. (2016)