Table 4.
Characteristics of included reviews and factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination intention.
| Author(s) | Year | Review type | Vaccine intention rate % | Search source/database | No. of studies included | Population | Key factors influencing vaccination intention |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abdelmoneim et al. (28) | 2022 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 81 | PsycINFO, Scopus, EBSCO, PubMed, ProQuest, SciELO, SAGE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Science Direct | 48 | General population | Previous COVID-19 infection (-), having chronic disease, trust in the vaccine effectiveness, region |
| Ackah et al. (29) | 2022 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 46 | PubMed, Google Scholar, Africa Journal Online | 21 | HCW in Africa | Region, higher acceptance among HCW, than healthcare students, side effects of the vaccine, vaccine's safety, efficacy and effectiveness, short duration of the clinical trials, COVID-19 infections, limited information, social trust |
| Al-Amer et al. (1) | 2022 | Systematic review | 27.7–93.3 | CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, ProQuest, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus | 30 | General population, HCW | Socio-demographic, perceptions of risk and susceptibility to COVID-19, vaccine attributes, negative information about COVID-19 vaccines in the social media (-), low confidence in the health system (-) |
| Alarcón-Braga et al. (23) | 2022 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 78 | PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science | 19 | Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) population | Fear of adverse effects (-), distrust in local health systems (-), misinformation or fake news shared in social media (-), health-system-related variables, local concerns (economy, virtual education, teleworking, etc.), political issues (purchase of vaccine batches, quarantine isolation measures, vaccination process implementation, etc.), demographic and geographical variables, entrenched vaccination culture in LAC population, the promotion of the importance of vaccination at the first level of care |
| Alemayehu et al. (30) | 2022 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 60.2 | PubMed, Google Scholar, Global Health | East Africa | Attending above secondary school, having good knowledge about the vaccine, having a positive attitude toward vaccine, history of COVID-19 infection, male | |
| Alimohamadi et al. (31) | 2022 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 65.1 | PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science | 74 | General population | HCWs (-) vs. general population, region Middle East (-) vs. South America |
| Al-Jayyousi et al. (32) | 2021 | Scoping review | 29.4–86. | PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central | 50 | General population, HCW | Socio-demographic, individual factors, social and organizational factors, certain characteristics of COVID-19 vaccines |
| Azami et al. (33) | 2022 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 53.46 | PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Embase, EBSCO, Google Scholar | 16 | Pregnant women | Month of the study |
| AlShurman et al. (34) | 2021 | Scoping review | 60–93 | PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO | 48 | General population, HCW | Demographics, social factors, vaccination beliefs and attitudes, vaccine-related perceptions, health-related perceptions, perceived barriers, vaccine recommendations |
| Bayou and Amare (35) | 2022 | Systematic review | 31.4–92.33 | PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct | 21 | Ethiopian | Age, sex, educational status, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefit, knowledge about COVID-19 vaccine, other socio-demographic factors |
| Belay et al. (36) | 2022 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 51.2 | PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Ethiopian universities' research repository | 14 | Ethiopian | Having good knowledge, chronic disease, older age, secondary education and above |
| Bhattacharya et al. (37) | 2022 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 49 | MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PubMed | 17 | Pregnant women | High- income countries (-), participants with fewer than 12 years of education (-), multiparous women (-), COVID- 19 knowledge |
| Biswas et al. (38) | 2021 | Scoping review | 28–86.1 | Embase, PubMed, Google Scholar | 82 | General population | Vaccine efficacy, vaccine side effects, mistrust in healthcare, religious beliefs, trust in information sources, demographic factors (age, gender, education) |
| Chen et al. (39) | 2022 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 61.4 | PubMed, Embase | 29 | Parent | Age of parents and guardians, access to scientific information and recommendations, routine and influenza vaccination behavior, willingness of parents and guardians to vaccinate themselves |
| Desye (40) | 2022 | Systematic review | 21–95 | PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar | 33 | HCW | Gender (male), age, profession (medical doctors), previous influenza vaccination |
| Galanis et al. (41) | 2021 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 63.5 | PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, CINAHL, medRxiv | 24 | HCW | Gender (male), age (older), white people, HCWs, higher education level, comorbidity among HCWs, vaccination against flu during previous season, stronger vaccine confidence, positive attitude toward COVID-19 vaccine, fear about COVID-19, individual perceived risk about COVID-19, contact with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients |
| Galanis et al. (42) | 2022a | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 79 | Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, PubMed, ProQuest, CINAHL, medrxiv | 14 | General population, HCW | Older age, flu vaccination in the previous season, confidence in COVID-19 vaccination, adverse reactions and discomfort experienced after previous COVID-19 vaccine doses (-), concerns for serious adverse reactions to booster doses (-) |
| Galanis et al. (43) | 2022b | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 60.1 | Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, medrxiv | 44 | Parent | Fathers, older age of parents, higher income, higher levels of perceived threat from the COVID-19, positive attitudes toward vaccination (e.g. children's complete vaccination history, history of children's and parents' vaccination against influenza, confidence in vaccines and COVID-19 vaccines, COVID-19 vaccine uptake among parents) |
| Geng et al. (44) | 2022 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 69 | PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI | 34 | College student | Knowledge, trust conception, social behavior, information sources, country |
| Halemani et al. (45) | 2022 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 54 | PubMed, Clinical key, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, CINAHL | 24 | Pregnant women | Risks of infections, comorbidities, adverse effects (-), safety concerns (-) |
| Hajure et al. (46) | 2021 | Systematic review | Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed | 24 | HCW | Age, sex, profession, concerns about the safety of vaccines and fear of COVID-19, trust in the accuracy of the measures taken by the government, flu vaccination during the previous season, comorbid chronic illness, history of recommendation, depression symptoms | |
| Januszek et al. (47) | 2021 | Systematic review | 29.7–77.4 | PubMed | 9 | Pregnant women | Trust in the importance and effectiveness of vaccine, explicit communication about the safety of COVID-19 vaccines, acceptance of other vaccinations (e.g., influenza), belief in the importance of vaccines/mass vaccination, anxiety about COVID-19, trust in public health agencies/health science, compliance to mask guidelines, older age, higher education, socioeconomic status |
| Joshi et al. (48) | 2021 | Scoping review | 72 | PubMed | 22 | General population | Socio-demographic variables (gender, age, education, occupation), trust in authorities, risk perception of COVID-19 infection, vaccine efficacy, current or previous influenza vaccination, vaccine safety, study period |
| Kalu et al. (37) | 2022 | Mapping review | PubMed, Ovid, Embase, CINAHL, PsychINFO | 68 | African countries | Sociodemographic factors; knowledge, attitude, and belief-related factors; COVID-19 vaccine efficacy and safety concern factors; trust in government and public health authorities | |
| Kamal et al. (49) | 2021 | Rapid review | Web of Science, Ovid, Scopus, PsychINFO, Google Scholar | 21 | Minority ethnic groups in the UK | Inclusive communications which address vaccine concerns via trusted communicators, increased visibility of minority ethnic groups in the media, pre-existing mistrust of formal services (-), lack of information about the vaccine's safety (-), misinformation (-), inaccessible communications (-), logistical issues (-) | |
| Kazeminia et al. (50) | 2022 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 63.9 | PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar | 98 | Not specific | Older adult and young people, medical staff, employees, education level, socioeconomic status, trust in vaccine, positive vaccination history |
| Kukreti et al. (51) | 2022 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 60.1 | Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, Registers | 19 | General population | COVID-19 cases per million population, deaths per million population, WHO regions of the world |
| Li et al. (52) | 2021 | Rapid systematic review | 27.7–77.3 | PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, Wanfang Data | 13 | HCW | Male, older age, physicians, previous influenza vaccination, self- perceived risk, concerns for safety (-), efficacy and effectiveness (-), distrust of the government (-) |
| Limbu et al. (21) | 2022 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 73.19 | PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Google | 43 | General population | Attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, region (continent), sample population |
| Lin et al. (53) | 2021 | Rapid review | 50 | PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO | 126 | General population | Perceived risk, concerns over vaccine safety and effectiveness, doctors' recommendations, inoculation history, political party orientation, perceived political interference |
| Lin et al. (54) | 2022 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | Practitioners (81.1%), students (60.5%). | Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, LILACS, Open Gray | 10 | Dental student, dental practitioner | Dental practitioners from middle East and high-income countries |
| Luo et al. (55) | 2021 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 51 | 4 English databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library) and 4 Chinese databases (CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Database, CBM) | 9 | HCW | Male, aged 30 years or older, having a history of prior influenza vaccination |
| Mahmud et al. (56) | 2022 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 62.79 | PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar | 79 | General population, HCW | Pre- to post-pandemic (-), region (South-East Asia), region (Africa) (-) |
| Mose et al. (57) | 2022 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 51.64 | PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, African Journals Online, Web of Science | 12 | Ethiopian | Male, secondary and above educational status, knowledge, positive attitude |
| Nehal et al. (58) | 2021 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 66.01 | PubMed | 63 | General population | Age, gender, education, attitudes and perceptions about vaccines |
| Nindrea et al. (59) | 2021 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | ProQuest, PubMed, EBSCO | 24 | General population | Female, older age, high income, high education, high level of knowledge, encountered with COVID-19, fear about COVID-19, perceived benefits, flu vaccine during the previous season, HCWs, male, married, perceived risk, trust in health system, chronic diseases | |
| Norhayati et al. (60) | 2022 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 61 | PubMed | 172 | Not specific | Regions, population, gender, vaccine effectiveness, survey time, continent, HCWs, vaccine effectiveness, during the first survey |
| Olu-Abiodun et al. (61) | 2022 | Rapid review | 20–58.2 | PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase | 10 | Nigerian | Propaganda (-), adverse effect concerns (-), conspiracy theories (-) |
| Parthasarathi et al. (62) | 2022 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 70 | PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus | 35 | General population | Study period (-), female gender (-), rural residence (-), lower income (-), lower formal education (-) |
| Patwary et al. (63) | 2022 | Rapid review | 58.5 | PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science | 36 | Low-and lower-middle income countries | Male, perceiving risk of COVID-19 infection |
| Popa et al. (64) | 2022 | Literature review | PubMed, Google Scholar | 44 | Eastern European countries | Public confidence in the vaccines' safety and efficacy, vaccine literacy, public trust in the government and the medical system | |
| Prabani et al. (65) | 2022 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 59 | PubMed, Science Direct, the Cochran | 29 | Patients with cancer | Early cancer stages (stages I and II), good compliance with prior influenza vaccinations |
| Ripp and Roer (66) | 2022 | Rapid review | COVID-19 Data Portal, APA PsycArticles, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Scopus, PubMed | 10 | General population | Belief in COVID-19-related conspiracy narratives | |
| Robinson et al. (67) | 2021 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | PubMed, Scopus, pre-printer servers | 28 | Female (-), younger (-), lower income or education level (-), belonging to an ethnic minority group (-) | ||
| Roy et al. (68) | 2022 | Systematic review | PubMed, Elsevier, Science Direct, Scopus | 47 | General population | Safety, efficacy, side effects, conspiracy beliefs (Asian countries), trust, social influence (Europe), information sufficiency, political roles, vaccine-mandates (United States) | |
| Sahile et al. (69) | 2022 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 57.8 | Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, Hinari, Embase, PubMed | 18 | Ethiopian | Region, country |
| Shakeel et al. (70) | 2022 | Systematic review | PubMed, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, Science Direct | 81 | General population | Country, low levels of education and awareness, inefficient efforts and initiatives by the government | |
| Shamshirsaz et al. (71) | 2022 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 47 | PubMed, Scopus, archive/pre-print servers | 12 | Pregnant women | Uptake of other vaccines (influenza and/or TdaP) during pregnancy |
| Shui et al. (72) | 2022 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 78 | PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang Database, CBM, VIP | 18 | HCW | Survey time, male, educational level (-), nurses (-) vs. doctors and other HCWs, regions, HCWs who participated in quarantine or had been in contact with confirmed cases |
| Terry et al. (73) | 2022 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Sociological Abstracts, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts | 23 | General population | Greater perceived risk of COVID-19, lower of perceived vaccine harm, higher education, higher household income, older age, ethnicity, male | |
| Wake (74) | 2021 | Systematic review | 27.7–91.3 | PubMed/Medline, HINARI, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, African journals, Google for gray literature | 45 | General population | Age, education, gender, income, residency, occupation, marital status, ethnicity, perceived risk, trust in healthcare system, health insurance, norms, attitude toward vaccine, perceived benefit, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, vaccination status, history of COVID-19 infection, perceived efficacy, recommended for vaccination, political leaning, perceived severity, vaccine safety concern, fear about COVID-19, cues to action, presence of chronic disease, confidence, vaccine hesitancy, complacency |
| Wang et al. (75) | 2021 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 73.31 | PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase | 38 | General population, HCW | Gender, educational level, influenza vaccination history, trust in the government, protecting oneself or others, concerns about side effects and safety (-) |
| Wang et al. (76) | 2022 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | 67.8 | PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, EBSCO | 519 | General population | Pregnant/lactating women (-), country, study period (-), aged < 60 years (-), Black people (-), lower education (-), lower income (-) |
| Willems et al. (77) | 2022 | Scoping review | 27.7–92 | CINAHL, APA PsycArticles, APA PsycInfo, Web of Science, Semantic Scholar, Prospero, Outbreak Science, Cochrane, Scopus | 26 | HCW | Profession, age, gender, education, income, ethnicity, geographical, political orientation, past vaccine behavior, comorbidities, mental well-being, COVID self-history, COVID family history |
| Zintel et al. (78) | 2022 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo | 46 | General population | Women (-), HCWs (-) |
HCW, Healthcare worker.