Table 4.
Studies concerning the production and application of IgY antibodies specific to P. aeruginosa.
| Immunogen | Activity/Properties | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Mixture of formaldehyde-fixed strains P. aeruginosa: PAO1, PAO3, PAO5, PAO6, PAO9, and PAO11 | In vitro; immunoblotting; antibodies specific to flagelin a and b | Nilsson et al. (48) |
| Different O-antigen strains of P. aeruginosa: O1, O3, O5, O6, O9, and O11 (purchased from ImmunSystem I.M.S.) |
In vitro; respiratory burst assay; polymorphonuclear neutrophil–mediated bacterial killing IgY-mediated enhancement of PMN phagocytosis, promotion of the opsonization; adjuvant manufactured according to the standard procedure described by Kollberg et al. (49) | Thomsen et al. (50) |
| Formaldehyde-fixed strains P. aeruginosa Pa48spm-1+ and Pa23vim-2+ isolates | In vitro; growth inhibition assay; specific IgY inhibitory activity, synergistic action of specific IgYs and selected beta-lactams | Sanchez et al. (51) |
| Different O-antigen strains of P. aeruginosa: O1, O3, O5, O6, O9, and O11 (purchased form ImmunSystem I.M.S.) |
Acute pneumonia mice model; passive immunization IgY therapy promote bacterial clearance and limit inflammation in P. aeruginosa lung infection; adjuvant manufactured according to the standard procedure described by Kollberg et al. (49) | Thomsen et al. (52) |
| Different O-antigen strains of P. aeruginosa: O1, O3, O5, O6, O9, and O11 (purchased form ImmunSystem I.M.S.) |
Murine lung infection model; passive immunization combinatory treatment with azithromycin enhance pulmonary elimination of P. aeruginosa; no specified data concerning adjuvant | Thomsen et al. (53) |
| Different O-antigen strains of P. aeruginosa: O1, O3, O5, O6, O9, and O11 (purchased from IgY Lab System) |
Murine urinary tract infection model; intravesical passive immunization reduction of the P. aeruginosa colonization in bladder | Schwartz et al. (54) |
| inactivated P. aeruginosa | Porcine model, mechanically ventilated; transient reduction of the P. aeruginosa colonization in the airways after nebulization | Otterbeck et al. (55) |
| Inactivated P. aeruginosa | Porcine model, mechanically ventilated; bronchially instilled specific IgYs did not reduce the concentration of P. aeruginosa in the lower airways | Otterbeck et al. (56) |
| Inactivated P. aeruginosa | Porcine model, mechanically ventilated; intravenous specific IgYs did not reduce the concentration of P. aeruginosa in the lower airways | Otterbeck et al. (57) |
| Inactivated P. aeruginosa, chimeric protein pilQ-pilA-DSL | Rabbit model of sepsis; intravenous protection from P. aeruginosa infection was not effective in rabbit sepsis model; Montanide ISA 70 V G adjuvant | Zamani et al. (58) |
| Mixture of two formaldehyde-fixed strains P. aeruginosa: PAO1 (ATCC 15692) and Habs1 (ATCC 33348) | Phase I clinical trial; gargling prevention against chronic P. aeruginosa infection | Kollberg et al. (49) |
| strains of P. aeruginosa | Phase III clinical trial; gargling as an effect of the trial efficacy could not be described; no specified data concerning adjuvant | (59) |
| Mannose-sensitive P. aeruginosa strain antigen | Rat animal model; 2 ml (1 mg/ml) every 12 h, three doses bacteriostatic effect comparable with ceftazidime; no specified data concerning adjuvant | Qi et al. (60) |
| Mannose-sensitive P. aeruginosa strain antigen | Mice model; 2 ml of IgY a day for 2 weeks with or without cisplatin (1 mg/kg) enhanced inhibition in tumor growth in combination therapy group; no specified data concerning adjuvant | Qi et al. (60) |
| Mannose-sensitive P. aeruginosa strain antigen | Human; orally supplemented every other day improved function of the immune system; no specified data concerning adjuvant | Qi et al. (60) |
| Ultrasonically disintegrated P. aeruginosa | In vitro; Fab’ IgY fragment of 5, 10, and 20 mg/ml; incubation up to 36 h results in growth inhibition | Zhang et al. (61) |
| P. aeruginosa | Rat animal model; 2 g of IgY/day for 3 days + 1 dose 8 h after inoculation; reduction in bacteria and endotoxin level and pathological changes in liver or ileum; no specified data concerning adjuvant | Rongjian et al. (62) |
| Recombinant type A and B Flagellin | Murine model; burn wound infection, 500 μg of IgY mixed with lethal dose of P. aeruginosa, additional IgY doses 2, 24, 48, and 72 h later; 100% animals survival rate for anti–flagellin B IgY; acute pneumonia model, bacteria mixed with 500 μg of IgY, additional doses (250 μg) 2 and 24 h later, both tested groups 100% survival rate; adjuvant: ISA70VG + CpG-ODN. | Ahmadi et al. (63) |
| Recombinant outer membrane protein F | Murine model; burn wound infection, one dose of 0.1 or 10 mg of IgY preincubated with P. aeruginosa; 1 mg of IgY preincubated with pathogen and 0.5 mg of IgY 12 h after infection; prophylactic treatment with 0.5 mg of IgY 2 h prior to infection and 0.5 mg of IgY 12 and 24 h after infection, increased survival rate up to 87.5%. | Norouzi et al. (64) |
If not specified in the Activity/Properties column, then FCA/FIA was used as an adjuvant.