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. 2023 Jun 9;11:1199604. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1199604

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Copyright © 2023 Abdullah, Hafid, Folke, Lindén and Kristoffersson.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Visual inspection of fiducial points where (A–C) show the PPG, VPG and APG waveforms (left) and their fiducial points with respect to standard waveforms (right).