Figure 2. General overview of compression mechanotransduction in human cells.

(A) Direct compressive effect on the cell. Supposed mechanosensors and downstream modulations are displayed. This list is not exhaustive (Wright et al, 1997; Park & Tschumperlin, 2009; Eisenhoffer et al, 2012; Liu & Lee, 2014; Chronopoulos et al, 2020; Lomakin et al, 2020; Massey et al, 2020; Park et al, 2020). (B) Compressive stress-induced autocrine signaling. (C) Compressive stress-induced paracrine signaling.