Table 2.

Psychological Well-Being Measures and Affect: Pooled Data

Variables	Condition	Baseline		Midstudy		Final Assessment
		Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Source	F	P
a Confidence about the Future	Intervention			7.91	1.64	8.05	1.60	Group (G)	7.65	.006
	Control			7.63	1.73	7.79	1.71	Time (T)	2.97	.086
								T*G	0.01	.940
Dispositional optimism	Intervention	21.22	4.31			22.44	4.12	Group (G)	0.03	.869
	Control	21.57	4.34			22.19	4.49	Time (T)	47.10	<.001
								T*G	4.81	.029
Anxiety	Intervention	2.96	1.12	2.56	1.07	2.50	1.02	Group (G)	2.16	.143
	Control	3.07	1.28	2.87	1.24	2.49	0.98	Time (T)	58.80	<.001
								T*G	6.24	.002
Depression	Intervention	2.82	1.12	2.58	1.11	2.32	1.02	Group (G)	2.89	.090
	Control	2.92	1.33	2.84	1.31	2.47	1.10	Time (T)	65.51	<.001
								T*G	1.03	.359
Aggression	Intervention	2.57	1.28	2.14	1.25	2.00	1.00	Group (G)	4.19	.041
	Control	2.74	1.43	2.51	1.32	1.94	1.10	Time (T)	77.77	<.001
								T*G	4.18	.016
Pos affect	Intervention	5.01	0.93	5.28	0.85	5.04	0.96	Group (G)	5.91	.016
	Control	4.97	1.06	4.99	0.99	4.76	1.12	Time (T)	24.45	<.001
								T*G	5.99	.003
Neg affect	Intervention	2.78	1.10	2.40	1.06	2.29	1.02	Group (G)	2.07	.151
	Control	2.92	1.28	2.65	1.19	2.32	1.03	Time (T)	76.67	<.001
								T*G	4.19	.015

Note. Multilevel mixed-effect linear regression models evaluated the effect of the manipulation on changes in psychological well-being and affect across the two studies. Cohen’s d effect sizes were calculated by comparing baseline to post-intervention means for the intervention and control conditions separately. Intervention (n=218), control (n=224).

^aAssessed at only 2 time points