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. 2023 Jun 12;11:1108031. doi: 10.3389/fped.2023.1108031

Table 3.

Results on the association between eating habits and sleep difficulties.

Dependent: sleep difficulties OR 95% CI p
Breakfast on weekday (ref = never)
One day 1.05 0.98 1.11 0.151
Two days 1.09 1.03 1.16 0.002
Three days 1.12 1.07 1.18 <0.001
Four days 1.18 1.12 1.25 <0.001
Five days 1.49 1.45 1.54 <0.001
Breakfast on weekend (ref = never)
One day 1.16 1.10 1.22 <0.001
Both days 1.49 1.43 1.56 <0.001
Fruits (ref = never)
Less than once a week 1.04 0.95 1.14 0.362
Once a week 1.12 1.03 1.22 0.008
2–4 days a week 1.13 1.04 1.22 0.003
5–6 days a week 1.11 1.03 1.21 0.010
Once daily 1.15 1.06 1.25 0.001
More than once daily 1.13 1.04 1.23 0.003
Vegetables (ref = never)
Less than once a week 1.02 0.94 1.10 0.620
Once a week 1.08 1.01 1.16 0.027
2–4 days a week 1.09 1.03 1.17 0.006
5–6 days a week 1.07 1.00 1.15 0.042
Once daily 1.09 1.02 1.17 0.012
More than once daily 1.09 1.01 1.16 0.021
Sweets (ref = more than once daily)
Never 1.24 1.15 1.33 <0.001
Less than once a week 1.31 1.25 1.38 <0.001
Once a week 1.30 1.24 1.36 <0.001
2–4 days a week 1.24 1.19 1.30 <0.001
5–6 days a week 1.11 1.06 1.16 <0.001
Once daily 1.17 1.12 1.22 <0.001
Soft drinks (ref = more than once daily)
Never 1.18 1.12 1.24 <0.001
Less than once a week 1.20 1.15 1.26 <0.001
Once a week 1.19 1.14 1.25 <0.001
2–4 days a week 1.14 1.09 1.20 <0.001
5–6 days a week 1.04 0.98 1.09 0.171
Once daily 1.11 1.05 1.17 <0.001

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.