Table 3B:
Association of risk factors and incident CKD (95% CI) by Race, Sex and Region
| Black | White | P interaction | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 4,198 | 7,799 | |
| Age* | 1.40 (1.27, 1.54) | 1.52 (1.40, 1.65) | 0.66 |
| Male sex | 0.96 (0.79, 1.18) | 0.91 (0.77, 1.09) | 0.71 |
| Black race | n/a | n/a | - |
| Education ≥ High School | 0.73 (0.58, 0.93) | 0.86 (0.63, 1.16) | 0.47 |
| Income ≥$35,000 | 0.95 (0.77, 1.18) | 0.80 (0.67, 0.95) | 0.15 |
| Stroke belt | 1.11 (0.92, 1.35) | 1.17 (0.99, 1.38) | 0.80 |
| Current smoking | 1.35 (1.05, 1.74) | 1.22 (0.92, 1.62) | 0.49 |
| Systolic blood pressure* | 1.12 (1.04, 1.20) | 1.21 (1.12, 1.31) | 0.12 |
| Body mass index* | 1.21 (1.11, 1.32) | 1.18 (1.09, 1.28) | 0.50 |
| Diabetes | 1.79 (1.46, 2.19) | 2.32 (1.92, 2.80) | 0.06 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 1.06 (0.88, 1.28) | 1.19 (0.98, 1.45) | 0.39 |
| Cardiovascular Disease | 1.15 (0.88, 1.49) | 1.45 (1.20, 1.75) | 0.15 |
| Log Urine ACR* | 1.38 (1.30, 1.45) | 1.24 (1.16, 1.32) | 0.02 |
| Male | Female | ||
| n | 5,528 | 6,469 | |
| Age* | 1.49 (1.36, 1.63) | 1.45 (1.33, 1.58) | 0.11 |
| Male sex | n/a | n/a | - |
| Black race | 1.06 (0.87, 1.29) | 1.04 (0.87, 1.25) | 0.84 |
| Education ≥ High School | 0.76 (0.57, 1.01) | 0.85 (0.67, 1.07) | 0.63 |
| Income ≥$35,000 | 0.99 (0.81, 1.20) | 0.74 (0.61, 0.91) | 0.03 |
| Stroke belt | 1.10 (0.92, 1.32) | 1.21 (1.01, 1.45) | 0.52 |
| Current smoking | 1.24 (0.94, 1.64) | 1.35 (1.05, 1.73) | 0.86 |
| Systolic blood pressure* | 1.19 (1.10, 1.30) | 1.13 (1.05, 1.22) | 0.42 |
| Body mass index* | 1.21 (1.10, 1.34) | 1.19 (1.11, 1.29) | 0.52 |
| Diabetes | 2.06 (1.70, 2.51) | 1.99 (1.63, 2.42) | 0.78 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 1.07 (0.87, 1.31) | 1.18 (0.99, 1.41) | 0.45 |
| Cardiovascular Disease | 1.27 (1.04, 1.55) | 1.47 (1.17, 1.86) | 0.30 |
| Log Urine ACR* | 1.31 (1.24, 1.39) | 1.30 (1.21, 1.39) | 0.81 |
| Stroke belt | Non-stroke belt | ||
| n | 6,682 | 5,315 | |
| Age* | 1.49 (1.38, 1.62) | 1.43 (1.30, 1.59) | 0.07 |
| Male sex | 0.92 (0.77, 1.09) | 1.00 (0.82, 1.23) | 0.48 |
| Black race | 1.01 (0.85, 1.21) | 1.07 (0.87, 1.32) | 0.76 |
| Education ≥ High School | 0.82 (0.66, 1.02) | 0.78 (0.56, 1.09) | 0.76 |
| Income ≥$35,000 | 0.83 (0.70, 1.00) | 0.90 (0.73, 1.11) | 0.76 |
| Stroke belt | n/a | n/a | - |
| Current smoking | 1.15 (0.90, 1.48) | 1.52 (1.15, 2.02) | 0.22 |
| Systolic blood pressure* | 1.13 (1.05, 1.21) | 1.22 (1.13, 1.33) | 0.11 |
| Body mass index* | 1.24 (1.16, 1.33) | 1.14 (1.03, 1.26) | 0.08 |
| Diabetes | 1.92 (1.60, 2.30) | 2.18 (1.75, 2.71) | 0.40 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 1.18 (0.99, 1.41) | 1.07 (0.87, 1.33) | 0.50 |
| Cardiovascular Disease | 1.25 (1.03, 1.53) | 1.47 (1.16, 1.87) | 0.27 |
| Log Urine ACR* | 1.35 (1.28, 1.42) | 1.25 (1.16, 1.34) | 0.11 |
*
relative risk per one standard deviation increase: for age 8 years, for SBP 15 mmHg, for BMI 5.8 kg/m2, for albuminuria 0.9 mg/g.
Abbreviations: CI –confidence interval, ACR— albumin-to-creatinine ratio