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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Adolesc Health. 2023 Mar 11;73(1):61–69. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.01.022

Table 2.

Multivariable logistic regression models investigating adolescent predictors of young adult thoughts of deliberate self-harm.

Risk factors, Model 1
(N = 1,631)
Protective factors, Model 2
(N= 1,617)
Fully adjusted, Model 3
(N = 1,637)

Predictors AOR (SE) [95% CI] p AOR (SE) [95% CI] p AOR (SE) [95% CI] p

Demographic factors
  Age (years) .93 (.21) [.60, 1.45] .762 .97 (.23) [.61, 1.53] .886 .97 (.22) [.62, 1.52] .909
  Female 1.24 (.23) [.86, 1.80] .247 1.21 (.22) [.84, 1.74] .300 1.16 (.21) [.80, 1.66] .432
  Washington State .64 (.12) [.45, .91] .013 .65 (.12) [.45, .95] .025 .62 (.11) [.43, .89] .009
  Family SES 1.50 (.31) [1.00, 2.25] .048 1.45 (.29) [.98, 2.15] .065 1.46 (.29) [.98, 2.16] .060
  Adolescent DSH behavior .90 (.21) [.58, 1.41] .660 .99 (.22) [.65, 1.52] .065 .90 (.20) [.58, 1.39] .626
Risk factors
  Depressive symptoms 1.09 (.02) [1.05, 1.13] <.001 1.05 (.02) [1.00, 1.09] .046
  Poor family management 1.26 (.29) [.81, 1.97] .303
  Family conflict .88 (.12) [.67, 1.15] .346
  Academic failure 1.11 (.19) [.79, 1.55] .553
  Low commitment to school 1.14 (.24) [.76, 1.71] .526
  Bullying victimization 1.53 (.32) [1.01, 2.31] .042 1.49 (.31) [.99, 2.24] .057
Protective factors
  Adaptive coping .41 (.10) [.26, .65] <.001 .46 (.11) [.28, .74] .001
  Emotion control .82 (.16) [.55, 1.20] .307
  Attachment to parents .78 (.12) [.57, 1.06] .114
  Prosocial peers 1.02 (.14) [.79, 1.33] .867
  Peer rewards for prosocial behavior .91 (.13) [.69, 1.19] .483
  Community rewards for prosocial behavior .76 (.10) [.59, .99] .040 .73 (.09) [.57, .93] .012

  Pseudo R2 .057 .065 .071
  Adjusted R2 .033 .041 .052

Note. The final hierarchical multivariable logistic regression models for risk and protective factors are presented here. SES = socioeconomic status; AOR = adjusted odds ratio; SE = standard error; CI = confidence interval. Female gender (coded 0 = male, 1 = female); Washington State (coded 1 = Washington State, 0 = Victoria). Pseudo R2 = McFadden’s R2; Adjusted R2 = McFadden’s Adjusted R2. Bolded effects are significant at p < 0.05.