Table 3.
Comparison of anthropometric, body composition and blood pressure-related parameters in normal pregnant women (control group) and women with GDM (study group) at 36th week of gestation.
| Parameters | Control group (n = 164) | Study group (n = 176) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 27.35 (24.00–30.00) | 27.50 (25.00–30.00) | 0.764 |
| Body weight (kg) | 65.41 ± 8.78 | 71.04 ± 12.37 | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.80 (22.70–28.80) | 28.29 (26.22–31.37) | < 0.001 |
| Body composition parameters | |||
| Total body fat (%) | 27.12 ± 4.38 | 33.10 ± 5.55 | < 0.001 |
| Visceral fat (%) | 5.86 ± 2.10 | 7.91 ± 2.71 | < 0.001 |
| Body lean (%) | 72.85 ± 7.15 | 66.17 ± 6.80 | < 0.001 |
| RM (kcal/day) | 1245.70 ± 136.90 | 1424.03 ± 182.60 | < 0.001 |
| BFMI (kg/m2) | 7.38 ± 0.88 | 9.67 ± 1.08 | < 0.001 |
| FFMI (kg/m2) | 19.75 ± 1.37 | 20.26 ± 1.42 | 0.001 |
| Subcutaneous fat (%) | 27.70 (22.50–33.20) | 31.50 (26.40–35.67) | < 0.001 |
| Skeletal muscle (%) | 26.77 ± 2.95 | 24.49 ± 2.98 | < 0.001 |
| RM/BW (kcal/kg) | 19.03 ± 1.85 | 20.49 ± 2.56 | < 0.001 |
| RM/BF (kcal/kg) | 71.02 ± 7.45 | 60.56 ± 6.10 | < 0.001 |
| Blood pressure related parameters | |||
| HR (per min) | 80.12 ± 7.30 | 90.15 ± 10.07 | < 0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 111.00 (103.00–119.00) | 120.00 (110.00–125.00) | < 0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 71.00 (65.00–79.00) | 78.00 (70.00–83.00) | < 0.001 |
| MAP (mmHg) | 84.95 (77.50–92.80) | 91.67 (83.75–96.33) | < 0.001 |
| RPP (mmHg) | 90.85 (78.85–105.20) | 106.09 (98.28–116.61) | < 0.001 |
The data presented are mean ± SD and median (IQR). Comparison was done by unpaired t test for parametric data and Mann Whitney U test for non-parametric data. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
BMI body mass index, RM resting metabolism, BFMI body fat mass index, FFMI fat-free mass index, BW body weight, BF body fat, HR heart rate, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, MAP mean arterial pressure, RPP rate pressure product.