Table 4.
Comparison of frequency domain and time domain indices of heart rate variability, perceived stress scale, quality of life and Indian diabetic risk score in normal pregnant women (control group) and women with GDM (study group) at 36th week of gestation.
| Parameters | Control group (n = 164) | Study group (n = 176) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| HRV frequency domain indices | |||
| TP (ms2) | 950.74 (610.20–1310.20) | 506.50 (393.00–597.00) | < 0.001 |
| LFnu | 50.50 (38.70–62.36) | 62.04 (51.85–65.56) | < 0.001 |
| HFnu | 46.90 (40.25–61.86) | 37.74 (33.65–47.93) | < 0.001 |
| LF–HF ratio | 1.10 (0.72–1.40) | 1.62 (1.08–1.93) | < 0.001 |
| HRV time domain indices | |||
| SDNN (ms) | 40.10 (27.35–52.10) | 21.20 (17.40–29.70) | < 0.001 |
| RMSSD (ms) | 45.32 (31.20–58.80) | 23.70 (18.40–30.30) | < 0.001 |
| NN50 | 33.15 (25.20–43.62) | 28.00 (22.00–32.00) | < 0.001 |
| pNN50 (%) | 10.27 (7.10–13.20) | 6.05 (4.59–6.88) | < 0.001 |
| Stress and risk scores | |||
| PSS score | 14.30 (11.50–17.80) | 24.00 (21.00–27.75) | < 0.001 |
| EPDS score | 7.60 ± 1.80 | 10.57 ± 2.21 | < 0.001 |
| Flanagan QoL score | 105.00 (93.00–113.50) | 90.00 (82.25–95.00) | < 0.001 |
| IDRS | 40.00 (35.20–45.80) | 60.00 (50.00–70.00) | < 0.001 |
The data presented are mean ± SD and median (IQR). Comparison was done by unpaired t test for parametric data and Mann Whitney U test for non-parametric data. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
TP total power of HRV, LFnu low-frequency power normalized, HFnu high-frequency power normalized, LF–HF ratio ratio of LF to HF, SDNN standard deviation of normal to normal (NN) interval, RMSSD square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of the differences between adjacent NN intervals, NN50 number of interval differences of successive NN intervals greater than 50, pNN50 NN50 counts divided by all RR intervals, PSS perceived stress scale, EPDS Edinburgh postnatal depression scale, QoL quality of life, IDRS Indian diabetic risk score.