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. 2023 Jun 26;13:10310. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-37431-3

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Forest plot of the association between fetal sex and risk of maternal peripheral malaria infection at antenatal enrolment, by light microscopy. Estimates compared the risk of maternal malaria infection by light microscopy at antenatal clinic enrolment in women carrying female fetuses to those carrying male fetuses. Estimates represented by a small box, where the width of the whisker corresponds to the 95% confidence interval (CI). Size of the box is proportional to the weight of the study. Heterogeneity of studies was not statistically significant (P = 0.3, I² = 0.2%). N = 11,729.