Table 1.
Baseline characteristics at admission and hospital mortality in the groups with uncomplicated malaria (UM) and severe malaria (SM).
| Total (n = 278) | UM (n = 134) | SM (n = 144) | P | LSM (n = 76) | VSM (n = 68) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, median [IQR] | 42 [32–52] | 38 [29–47] | 45 [35–57] | < 0.01 | 43 [29–56] | 48 [38–57] | 0.03 |
| Male, n (%) | 193 (69.4) | 97 (72.4) | 96 (66.7) | 0.30 | 46 (60.5) | 50 (73.5) | 0.10 |
| Black African n (%) | 148 (53.2) | 79(59.0) | 69 (47.9) | 0.08 | 50 (65.8) | 19 (27.9) | < 0.01 |
| Lives in an endemic area, n (%) | 45 (16.4) | 25 (18.9) | 20 (14.1) | 0.28 | 11 (14.5) | 9 (13.6) | 0.88 |
| African country source, n (%) | 266 (96.7) | 130 (97.7) | 136 (95.8) | 0.50 | 74 (97.4) | 62 (93.9) | 0.41 |
| Antimalarial chemoprophylaxis, n (%) | 81 (29.3) | 40 (29.9) | 41 (28.9) | 0.86 | 22 (28.9) | 19 (28.8) | 0.98 |
| Immune suppression, n (%) | 23 (8.4) | 7 (5.3) | 16 (11.3) | 0.07 | 6 (8.1) | 10 (14.7) | 0.21 |
| At least one comorbidity, n (%) | 31 (11.3) | 8 (6.0) | 23 (16.3) | < 0.01 | 9 (12.3) | 14 (20.6) | 0.18 |
| Time from symptom onset to hospital admission, days, median [IQR] | 4 [2–6] | 3 [2–6] | 4 [3–6.5] | < 0.01 | 4.5 [3.0–6.0] | 4.0 [2.5–7.0] | 0.80 |
| Characteristics at admission | |||||||
| Number of WHO criteria on day 1, median [IQR] | 1 [0–2] | 0 [0–0] | 2 [1–3] | – | 1 [1–2] | 3 [2–5] | < 0.01 |
| Parasitemia on day 1, %, median [IQR] | 2.5 [0.3–9.0] | 0.5 [0.1–2.1] | 8.0 [3.8–15.0] | < 0.01 | 8.0 [4.0–14.0] | 9.5 [3.3–20.0] | 0.18 |
| pfHRP2 on day 1 (ng/mL), median, [IQR] | 263 [40–983] | 60.7 [12–261] | 834.4 [304–2099] | < 0.01 | 693 [193–1422] | 1110 [475–3402] | 0.01 |
| Outcome | |||||||
| Bacterial coinfection < 48 h, n (%) | 11 (4.0) | 1 (0.7) | 10 (6.9) | < 0.01 | 2 (2.6) | 8 (11.8) | 0.04 |
| Nosocomial infection, n (%) | 23 (8.3) | 2 (1.5) | 21 (14.6) | < 0.01 | 5 (6.6) | 16 (23.5) | < 0.01 |
| Death, n (%) | 8 (5.2) | 0 | 8 (5.2) | NA | |||
SM severe malaria, UM uncomplicated malaria, LSM less severe malaria, VSM very severe malaria, IL interleukin, MIF macrophage migration inibitory factor, SAPS II Simplified Acute Physiology Score version II, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, WHO World Health Organization, NA not applicable.