Table 2.
Pathophysiological manifestations outcomes (Table 2)
192/205 (94%) studies reported on 113/202 (56%) outcomes and subsequently categorised into 26 outcome domains and 4 outcome categories.
| Outcome category | Outcome domain (Delphi outcome) | Outcome verbatim | Outcome measure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Complications | Overall complications | Minor complications | |
| Overall complications | |||
| Infection | Brain abscess | ||
| Intra-cranial infection | |||
| Major infection | Complication score | ||
| Phlebitis | Landriel ibanez classification | ||
| Sub dural empyema | |||
| Wound infection | |||
| Deep surgical site infection | |||
| Superficial surgical site infection | |||
| Surgical site infection | |||
| Osteomyelitis | |||
| Wound/ soft tissue related issues | Scalp necrosis | ||
| Skin tissue necrosis | |||
| Tissue necrosis | |||
| Wound dehiscence | |||
| Wound healing disturbance | |||
| Wound healing rate | |||
| Pressure ulcer on scalp | |||
| Soft tissue injury | |||
| Swelling around cranioplasty site | |||
| Scar retraction | |||
| Intra cranial haematoma | Bleeding | ||
| Inc re-operation or not | Blood loss | ||
| Epidural haematoma | |||
| Epidural haemorrhage | |||
| Extra dural haematoma | |||
| Haematoma | |||
| Haematoma not requiring evacuation | |||
| Haematoma requiring evacuation | |||
| Haemorrhage | |||
| Intra cranial haemorrhage | |||
| Intracerebral haematoma | |||
| Sub dural drain | |||
| Sub dural haematoma | |||
| Subgalea collection | |||
| Extra cranial haematoma collections | Collections | ||
| Effusion | |||
| Extra axial fluid collection | |||
| Hygroma | |||
| Pseudomeningocoele | |||
| Seroma | |||
| Sub dural fluid collection | |||
| Seizure | Seizure | ||
| Hydrocephalus | Hydrocephalus | ||
| Shunt dependant hydrocephalus | |||
| Graft specific | Cranioplasty to bone shift | ||
| Cranioplasty dislocation | |||
| Fractures | |||
| Fracture of MMA | |||
| Graft displacement | |||
| Graft fracture | |||
| Graft removal secondary to infection | |||
| Implant failure | |||
| Loosening of CP | |||
| Mesh broken | |||
| Sunken bone plate | |||
| Temporal muscle | Jaw movement | Jaw function limitation scale | |
| Mouth opening | |||
| Post operative hypertrophy of temporal muscle | |||
| Temporal hallowing | |||
| Temporal muscle atrophy | |||
| Temporal wasting | |||
| Medical - systemic complications post operative | DVT | ||
| Abdominal wall pressure | |||
| Cardiac arrest | |||
| Coagulation disorder | |||
| Haematoma (non-surgical) | |||
| Meningitis | |||
| Myocardial infarction | |||
| Pneumonia | |||
| Pneumonitis | |||
| Pseudomembranous colitis | |||
| Pulmonary thromboembolism | |||
| Sepsis | |||
| Urinary tract infection | |||
| Cerebrovascular event | Ischaemic stroke | ||
| Stroke | |||
| Pain - scalp | Local discomfort | ||
| Pain | |||
| Paresis | |||
| Headache | Headache | ||
| Radiological | Bone resorption | Bone resorption | |
| Bone necrosis | Aseptic bone necrosis | ||
| Bone necrosis | |||
| Pneumocephalus | Pneumocephalus | ||
| Intra cranial haematoma | Cerebral contusions | ||
| Brain herniation | |||
| Cerebral blood flow | Cerebral blood flow | ||
| CT perfusion | |||
| Cerebral blood volume | |||
| Osseointegration | Osseointegration | ||
| Neurological | Level of consciousness | Consciousness | Coma Recovery Scale (CRS) |
| Level of consciousness | Glasgow coma scale | ||
| EEG results | AVPU | ||
| Muscle function | Muscle power | ||
| Worsening of standing | |||
| Swallow and communicate | Dysphasia | ||
| Scalp sensory disturbance | Temperature sensitivity | ||
| Neuropathy | |||
| Skin irritation | |||
| Sleep | Insomnia | ||
| Tiredness | |||
| Physical symptoms of neurological nature | Blurry vision | ||
| Buzzing | |||
| Dizziness | |||
| Irritability | |||
| Salivation | |||
| Tiredness | |||
| Vibration intolerance | |||
| Patient's co-morbidities | Co-morbidities | Age | |
| Co-morbidities | |||
| Medical co-morbidities |