Table 2.

Summary of effects in the coiling assay with 21–47 h old zebrafish (D. rerio) embryos exposed to neurotoxicants

	Concentration	Mean burst duration (s)1	Age (h)	Light phase a	Burst count per minute	Age (h)	Light phase a	Surface water concentration b
Acrylamide	1.3 mM	+  +	45	D2	+   +  +   +  +  +	42 43 44	D2	< 5 µg/L (70.34 µM)
	2.1 mM	+  +	45	D2	+  +   +   +  +	38–40 41 45	D2
Carbaryl	14.9 µM			L	– – –  +  +	24 27		Various rivers, Spain: 1.23–6.48 µg/ml (6.11–32.20 µM; Picó et al. (1994))
	29.8 µM			L	+  +   +	24–27 28
	37.3 µM	–	24	L	– – – – –	23 24	L
	All	~	30–47	L, D2	~	30–47	L, D2
Hexachlorophene	All	~	29–38	L	~	29–38	L	Urban drainage area (Greenboro, USA): 4.0–25.8 µg/L upstream (10–60 nM), 3.2–44.3 µg/L downstream (8–110 nM), and 15.2–48.3 µg/L in bottom water (40–120 nM)
Ibuprofen	48.6 µM	– –	30	L	– – – – – – – –	36–37 38–39 40–47	L D2 D2	USA (various samples): < 0.1 µg/L (0.5 nM)b
	145.4 µM	– – – – –	24 30–47	L D2	– – –	24–47	L, D2	USA (various samples): < 0.1 µg/L (0.5 nM); Various ground- and surface-water samples, UK: 2030 µg/L (126.77 µM; Spurgeon et al. (2022))
Rotenone	1.0 nM	– – –	22	D1	– – –	22	D1
	10.1 nM	–	21				D1	Various ground- and surface-water samples, UK: 2030 µg/L (126.77 µM; Spurgeon et al. (2022))
	All	~	30–47	L, D2	~	30–47	L, D2

¹Activity: – minor reduction (p: 0.05–0.01); – – intermediate reduction (p: 0.01–0.001); – – – strong reduction (p: ≤ 0.001); + minor increase (p: 0.05–0.01); +  + intermediate increase (p: 0.01–0.001); +  +  + strong increase (p: ≤ 0.001); ~ hyperactivity that could not be statistically analysed

^aLight phase: D1 – dark phase 1 until 13.5 h; L − light phase until 37.5 h; D2 − dark phase 2 until 47 h: ^bPubChem (where available, locations provided)