Table 2.
Retinal parameters of the diabetic eyes without clinical diabetic retinopathy and control eyes.
| DM-NoDR eyes | Control eyes | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Qualitative retinal parameters | |||
| NPA, n (%) | |||
| Whole image | 60 (89.6%) | 4 (12.5%) | < 0.001a |
| Central area | 35 (52.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | < 0.001a |
| Peripheral area | 58 (86.6%) | 4 (12.5%) | < 0.001a |
| Capillary tortuosity, n (%) | |||
| Whole image | 40 (59.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | < 0.001a |
| Central area | 13 (19.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.008a |
| Peripheral area | 38 (56.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | < 0.001a |
| NV, n (%) | |||
| Whole image | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | NA |
| Central area | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | NA |
| Peripheral area | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | NA |
| Quantitative retinal parameters | |||
| FAZ | |||
| Area, mm2 (mean [SD]) | 0.34 (0.12) | 0.32 (0.13) | 0.504 |
| Perimeter, mm (median [IQR]) | 2.46 (2.15–2.73) | 2.42 (2.10–2.78) | 0.563 |
| AI (median[IQR]) | 1.18 (1.15–1.26) | 1.19 (1.15–1.27) | 0.746 |
| FD-300, % (median [IQR]) | 11.57 (8.29–16.33) | 30.88 (28.26–34.75) | < 0.001a |
| Vessel flow density, % | |||
| SCP | |||
| Whole image (median [IQR]) | 25.63 (24.34–26.91) | 34.44 (33.40–36.02) | < 0.001a |
| Central area (median [IQR]) | 34.27 (32.14–35.61) | 40.08 (38.45–41.91) | < 0.001a |
| Peripheral area (median [IQR]) | 21.95 (20.88–23.18) | 31.64 (29.72–33.05) | < 0.001a |
| DCP | |||
| Whole image (median [IQR]) | 25.77 (24.00–27.21) | 21.89 (20.11–24.68) | < 0.001a |
| Central area (median [IQR]) | 33.22 (30.17–34.60) | 22.42 (20.09–23.98) | < 0.001a |
| Peripheral area (median [IQR]) | 22.83 (21.06–24.30) | 21.80 (19.84–24.42) | 0.148 |
| Retina | |||
| Whole image (median [IQR]) | 26.05 (24.01–27.21) | 34.94 (33.19–35.94) | < 0.001a |
| Central area (median [IQR]) | 33.71 (31.38–35.03) | 40.07 (37.64–41.16) | < 0.001a |
| Peripheral area (median [IQR]) | 22.52 (29.82–33.51) | 32.52 (29.82–33.51) | < 0.001a |
| Vessel linear density, % | |||
| SCP | |||
| Whole image (median [IQR]) | 6.04 (5.75–6.35) | 8.77 (8.37–9.02) | < 0.001a |
| Central area (median [IQR]) | 8.15 (7.75–8.38) | 10.03 (9.65–10.33) | < 0.001a |
| Peripheral area (median [IQR]) | 5.13 (4.89–5.49) | 8.08 (7.64–8.36) | < 0.001a |
| Thickness, μm | |||
| CMT, μm (median [IQR]) | 239.00 (228.00–254.00) | 230.50 (215.00–243.25) | 0.015a |
| SCP | |||
| Whole image (mean [SD]) | 68.67 (3.90) | 65.56 (3.99) | < 0.001a |
| Central area (mean [SD]) | 97.92 (6.47) | 65.01 (8.43) | < 0.001a |
| Peripheral area (mean [SD]) | 56.14 (3.68) | 65.79 (4.74) | < 0.001a |
| DCP | |||
| Whole image (median [IQR]) | 159.89 (155.72–165.91) | 155.75 (151.37–159.09) | 0.003a |
| Central area (median [IQR]) | 177.55 (173.27–184.36) | 155.45 (151.50–159.06) | < 0.001a |
| Peripheral area (median [IQR]) | 152.32 (148.35–157.69) | 154.51 (148.35–157.69) | 0.044a |
| Retina | |||
| Whole image (median [IQR]) | 229.88 (224.02–233.60) | 222.93 (215.88–227.74) | < 0.001a |
| Central area (mean [SD]) | 276.48 (9.70) | 220.67 (10.67) | < 0.001a |
| Peripheral area (median [IQR]) | 208.21 (203.33–212.63) | 220.33 (216.44–230.33) | 0.008a |
| Volume, mm 3 | |||
| SCP | |||
| Whole image (mean [SD]) | 0.068 (0.004) | 0.065 (0.004) | 0.001a |
| Central area (mean [SD]) | 0.098 (0.006) | 0.065 (0.008) | < 0.001a |
| Peripheral area (mean [SD]) | 0.055 (0.004) | 0.065 (0.005) | < 0.001a |
| DCP | |||
| Whole image (median [IQR]) | 0.16 (0.15–0.16) | 0.15 (0.15–0.16) | 0.008a |
| Central area (median [IQR]) | 0.18 (0.17–0.18) | 0.16 (0.15–0.16) | < 0.001a |
| Peripheral area (median [IQR]) | 0.15 (0.14–0.15) | 0.15 (0.15–0.16) | 0.007a |
| Retina | |||
| Whole image (median [IQR]) | 0.22 (0.22–0.23) | 0.22 (0.21–0.22) | 0.003a |
| Central area (mean [SD]) | 0.28 (0.01) | 0.22 (0.01) | < 0.001a |
| Peripheral area (median [IQR]) | 0.20 (0.20–0.21) | 0.21 (0.21–0.22) | < 0.001a |
a
p < 0.05.
AI, acicularity index; CMT, central macular thickness; DCP, deep capillary plexus; DM-NoDR, diabetes mellitus without clinically visible diabetic retinopathy; FAZ, foveal avascular zone; FD-300, flow density in a 300-μm annulus around the FAZ; IQR, interquartile range; NA, not available; NPA, nonperfusion area; NV, neovascularization; SCP, superficial capillary plexus; SD, standard deviation.