Table 1.

Meta-analysis of prevalence of tuberculosis in Nigerian cattle, 1979–2021.

Study or subgroup	Prevalence	LCI 95%	HCI 95%	Weight (%)
High
Saidu et al. (2015)	0.150000000	0.126063546	0.175615945	1.569182576
Ibrahim et al. (2012)	0.010845987	0.005026953	0.018705958	1.586436209
Damina et al. (2011)	0.044365572	0.037673579	0.051575171	1.674274611
Alonge and Fasanmi (1979)p	0.673913043	0.530639892	0.80281624	0.672467747
Alonge and Fasanmi (1979)b	0.473684211	0.251182543	0.701388015	0.365463637
Alonge and Fasanmi (1979)bo	0.360824742	0.267820089	0.45931105	0.985082036
Alonge and Fasanmi (1979)ka	0.428571429	0.292484214	0.570200586	0.698137881
Alonge and Fasanmi (1979)s	0.514492754	0.430843671	0.59773999	1.126418417
Alonge and Fasanmi (1979)n	0.206060606	0.147525025	0.271417948	1.192814265
Alonge and Fasanmi (1979)kw	1.000000000	0.949867117	1.000000000	0.555288279
Alonge and Fasanmi (1979)kd	0.327868852	0.215021602	0.451466272	0.789257812
Jajere et al. (2018a)	0.020901639	0.015576467	0.026980973	1.660971821
Ibrahim et al. (2018g)	0.137266528	0.125855423	0.149090678	1.674192143
Ibrahim et al. (2018)	0.109640832	0.096672116	0.123318035	1.653743611
Cadmus et al. (2008a)	0.042589438	0.0276074	0.060563003	1.523751768
Agbalaya et al. (2020)	0.256684492	0.196434567	0.32191843	1.236688432
Jajere et al. (2018b)	0.011322005	0.010701382	0.011959908	1.708661502
Ejeh et al. (2013)	0.089256064	0.087213518	0.09131991	1.708135715
Ahmad et al. (2017a)	0.061246612	0.053731102	0.069218818	1.677191538
Yohanna et al. (2008)	0.145728643	0.099850193	0.198428622	1.257619873
Abubakar et al. (2013)	0.146779303	0.12493006	0.170060539	1.589461865
Cadmus et al. (2010)nw	0.029312289	0.019133779	0.041528594	1.581935333
Cadmus et al. (2010)nc	0.165829146	0.117140059	0.22095235	1.257619873
Cadmus et al. (2010)sw	0.069343066	0.041961819	0.102753368	1.355568714
Cadmus and Arinola (2007)	0.414893617	0.31688701	0.516358564	0.972002957
Bikom et al. (2021)	0.041036717	0.032451416	0.050573755	1.646054217
Ibrahim et al. (2010)	0.010845987	0.005026953	0.018705958	1.586436209
Makeri et al. (2018)	0.117333333	0.095234521	0.141390738	1.560632216
Oluwasile et al. (2013)	0.017765186	0.01664983	0.018916004	1.707445104
Adesokan et al. (2019a)	0.020833333	0.002595255	0.052154989	1.142606009
Akinseye et al. (2018)	0.021702838	0.015436718	0.028991231	1.644178873
Okeke et al. (2014)	0.214285714	0.155282533	0.27980161	1.199270296
Atuman et al. (2018)	0.1	0.06840082	0.136712848	1.380310857
Ogugua et al. (2021)	0.007142857	0.00087563	0.018033608	1.460634146
Akinbobola et al. (2017)	0.007240125	0.006739968	0.007758033	1.70864025
Okoro et al. (2014)	0.118	0.091104182	0.147827601	1.495467122
Lawan et al. (2020a)	0.093373494	0.072350386	0.116747222	1.543208916
Ejeh et al. (2014b)	0.080321285	0.04946795	0.117638232	1.328001084
Ahmad et al. (2018)	0.163716814	0.11813251	0.215004014	1.298556812
Musawa et al. (2013)	0.041237113	0.017076856	0.07448595	1.249127753
Bala et al. (2011)	0.015779562	0.01539736	0.016166373	1.709485809
Adang et al. (2015)	0.265625	0.218580077	0.315478688	1.397111184
Adamu et al. (2021)	0.007493568	0.007143216	0.007852241	1.709250492
Ameen et al. (2008)	0.005487667	0.00444958	0.006633223	1.70287958
Tinau et al. (2020)	0.09623431	0.061783354	0.137162566	1.315733958
Aliyu et al. (2009)	0.040498844	0.039799506	0.041204013	1.709384591
Bikom and Oboegbulem (2007)	0.013348165	0.011075127	0.01582914	1.696256385
Opara (2005)	0.03408456	0.029391739	0.039110704	1.687250338
Chukwu et al. (2013)	0.3	0.179922873	0.435293963	0.70641457
Nwanta et al. (2011)	0.014016678	0.01303643	0.015031908	1.707494595
Cadmus et al. (2004)	0.105263158	0.063232951	0.156138247	1.205567069
Adah et al. (1992)	0.028846154	0.003627206	0.071856397	1.013868173
Ejeh et al. (2014c)	0.080645161	0.04967124	0.118103691	1.326808848
Igbokwe et al. (2001)	0.028	0.027752396	0.028248672	1.70971743
Ibrahim et al. (2016a)	0.138530067	0.12454161	0.153136889	1.656863691
Opara et al. (2012)	0.034477945	0.030373896	0.038831596	1.692841382
Oragwa et al. (2017)	0.085877892	0.083721061	0.088059545	1.707878254
Kachalla et al. (2016)	0.172972973	0.121612174	0.231105515	1.233009989
Kwaghe et al. (2015)	0.064128257	0.054838455	0.074089008	1.662017688
Alaku and Moruppa (1993)	0.042300133	0.041659547	0.042945388	1.709463975
High subgroup	0.082851891	0.074417218	0.091681256	84.28223648
Low
Okeke et al. (2016)	0.090866529	0.088393665	0.093370052	1.707400574
Oyekunle and Talabi (2013)	0.002641753	0.001890921	0.003515698	1.701924096
Cadmus et al. (2006)	0.1	0.058932062	0.150084025	1.203485474
Ejeh et al. (2014a)	0.01900931	0.017946164	0.020102425	1.70780279
Saidu et al. (2017)	0.007776814	0.007344914	0.008220948	1.708996546
Adesokan et al. (2019b)o	0.149825784	0.121745372	0.180247506	1.520009299
Adesokan et al. (2019b)e	0.017676768	0.006637162	0.033408797	1.447863191
Adesokan et al. (2019b)s	0.014950166	0.006563035	0.026437473	1.527890671
Hena et al. (2012)	0.047297297	0.031533871	0.065996286	1.525152173
Danbirni et al. (2015)	0.083985765	0.074006171	0.094533968	1.667238706
Low subgroup	0.042227515	0.017382312	0.071333427	15.71776352
Pooled	0.076712692	0.068847637	0.084965314	100
Statistics
I2	99.83202574	99.82419777	99.83950514
Cochrane's Q	41077.7216
χ2, p	0
tau2	0.013941354