Table 9.
Regression results of robustness test.
| variable | Instrumental variable (1) | A phase lag (2) | The principal components method (3) | Excluded municipality model (4) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dif | 0.076* (0.14) | 2.039*** (0.370) | 2.008*** (0.363) | 1.122** (0.353) |
| Agriculture | 0.005 (0.056) | 0.015 (0.009) | 0.016 (0.009) | 0.018* (0.008) |
| Innovation | 0.176*** (0.99) | 0.082** (0.031) | 0.101** (0.031) | 0.094*** (0.0275) |
| Economic | 0.487*** (0.061) | −0.227 (0.125) | −0.167 (0.123) | −0.020 (0.127) |
| Nursing | 0.046 (0.091) | 0.064 (0.055) | 0.055 (0.048) | 0.109* (0.046) |
| Enterprise | 0.096*** (0.049) | 0.123*** (0.027) | 0.112*** (0.026) | 0.118*** (0.022) |
| Government | 0.442*** (0.092) | 0.369*** (0.043) | 0.396*** (0.043) | 0.286*** (0.043) |
| Consumption | 0.333*** (0.109) | 0.316*** (0.036) | 0.320*** (0.034) | 0.336*** (0.040) |
| _cons | −11.93*** (0.125) | −15.17*** (1.184) | −15.86*** (1.178) | −12.14*** (1.200) |
| N | 248 | 217 | 248 | 216 |
| R-sq | 0.936 | 0.941 | 0.949 | 0.968 |
| adj. R-sq | 0.936 | 0.941 | 0.936 | 0.967 |