Table 1. Selected Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Children With Data on Primary Outcome According to Treatment Groupa.
| Characteristic | Children, No. (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Standard-course therapy (n = 328) | Short-course therapy (n = 336) | All children (n = 664) | |
| Age group | |||
| 2-23 mo | 60 (18) | 64 (19) | 124 (19) |
| 2-6 y | 183 (46) | 202 (60) | 385 (58) |
| 7-10 y | 85 (26) | 70 (21) | 155 (23) |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 316 (96) | 323 (96) | 639 (96) |
| Male | 12 (4) | 13 (4) | 25 (4) |
| Raceb | |||
| Black | 73 (22) | 83 (25) | 156 (23) |
| Multiracial | 23 (7) | 25 (7) | 48 (7) |
| White | 217 (66) | 210 (63) | 427 (64) |
| Otherc | 14 (4) | 18 (5) | 32 (5) |
| Unknown | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0) |
| Ethnicityb | |||
| Hispanic | 33 (10) | 27 (8) | 60 (9) |
| Non-Hispanic | 295 (90) | 309 (92) | 604 (91) |
| Febrile at presentation | |||
| Yes | 122 (37) | 128 (38) | 250 (38)d |
| No | 206 (63) | 208 (62) | 414 (62) |
| Medication | |||
| Amoxicillin-clavulanate | 4 (1) | 2 (1) | 6 (1) |
| Cefdinir | 183 (56) | 185 (55) | 368 (55) |
| Cefixime | 2 (1) | 1 (0) | 3 (0) |
| Cephalexin | 103 (31) | 112 (33) | 215 (32) |
| Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | 36 (11) | 36 (11) | 72 (11) |
| Study site | |||
| Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia | 143 (44) | 152 (45) | 295 (44) |
| UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh | 185 (56) | 184 (55) | 369 (56) |
| Infecting organism | |||
| Escherichia coli | 296 (90) | 301 (90) | 597 (90) |
| Proteus mirabilis | 20 (6) | 22 (7) | 42 (6) |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 5 (2) | 4 (1) | 9 (1) |
| Other | 7 (2) | 9 (3) | 16 (2) |
| Method of urine collection | |||
| Clean voided | 257 (78) | 268 (80) | 525 (79) |
| Catheterization | 70 (21) | 65 (19) | 135 (20) |
| Unknown | 1 (0) | 3 (1) | 4 (1) |
| Received 1-time dose of intravenous or intramuscular antimicrobial | |||
| Yes | 3 (1) | 3 (1) | 6 (1) |
| No | 325 (99) | 333 (99) | 658 (99) |
| Symptoms at presentation (age >2 y) | |||
| Suprapubic pain/tenderness | 11 (3) | 22 (7) | 33 (5) |
| Abdominal pain/tenderness | 93 (28) | 95 (28) | 188 (28) |
| Flank pain/tenderness | 22 (7) | 16 (5) | 38 (6) |
| Urinary urgency | 74 (23) | 73 (22) | 147 (22) |
| Urinary frequency | 108 (33) | 109 (32) | 217 (33) |
| Urinary hesitancy | 25 (8) | 21 (6) | 46 (7) |
| Symptoms at presentation (age <2 y) | |||
| Poor feeding | 21 (6) | 22 (7) | 43 (6) |
| Vomiting | 22 (7) | 22 (7) | 44 (7) |
a
There were no significant differences in characteristics between the 2 treatment groups.
b
Race and ethnicity were reported by the parents.
c
Includes American Indian or Alaska native, Asian, Native Hawaiian, or other Pacific Islander.
d
A total of 94% of children aged 2 to 23 months were febrile.