Table 2.
Basic characteristics compared between samples with diabetic retinopathy and samples without diabetic retinopathy, as well as patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy vs patients without proliferative diabetic retinopathy
|
Characteristic
|
Group DR vs Group D
|
Group PDR vs Group NPDR
|
||||
|
Group DR (n = 15)
|
Group D (n = 15)
|
P value
|
Group PDR (n = 8)
|
Group NPDR (n = 7)
|
P value
|
|
| Age | 55.87 ± 10.54 | 56.00 ± 8.90 | NS | 58.75 ± 11.85 | 52.57 ± 8.44 | NS |
| Gender, male/female | 9/6 | 10/5 | NS | 3/5 | 3/4 | NS |
| Diabetes duration | 14.27 ± 7.27 | 4.045 ± 4.67 | NS | 15.50 ± 4.99 | 12.87 ± 9.49 | < 0.01 |
| height | 165.13 ± 9.26 | 166.27 ± 6.97 | NS | 165.75 ± 10.12 | 164.43 ± 8.90 | NS |
| Weight | 64.83 ± 9.11 | 64.67 ± 6.24 | NS | 65.19 ± 9.64 | 64.43 ± 9.22 | NS |
| Body mass index | 23.49 ± 1.99 | 23.45 ± 2.48 | NS | 23.07 ± 1.24 | 23.97 ± 2.62 | NS |
| Waist circumference | 83.47 ± 8.40 | 86.03 ± 7.17 | NS | 85.75 ± 9.77 | 80.86 ± 6.20 | NS |
| Hip circumference | 89.53 ± 8.83 | 93.30 ± 5.03 | NS | 92.88 ± 8.17 | 85.71 ± 8.50 | NS |
| Waist hip ratio | 0.93 ± 0.06 | 0.92 ± 0.05 | NS | 0.92 ± 0.07 | 0.95 ± 0.03 | NS |
| Waist height ratio | 0.51 ± 0.05 | 0.52 ± 0.05 | NS | 0.52 ± 0.07 | 0.49 ± 0.02 | NS |
| Systolic blood pressure | 131.93 ± 13.27 | 124.93 ± 9.74 | NS | 135.75 ± 13.79 | 127.57 ± 12.15 | NS |
| Fasting glucose | 9.24 ± 2.95 | 7.34 ± 2.35 | NS | 9.61 ± 1.83 | 8.81 ± 4.00 | NS |
| HbA1c | 10.01 ± 1.63 | 9.87 ± 2.31 | NS | 9.26 ± 1.62 | 10.87 ± 1.24 | NS |
| Triglycerides | 2.18 ± 2.50 | 1.44 ± 0.57 | NS | 2.42 ± 2.90 | 1.90 ± 2.14 | NS |
| LDL-C | 2.78 ± 0.90 | 3.22 ± 1.02 | NS | 2.51 ± 1.16 | 3.09 ± 0.34 | NS |
| eGFR | 88.08 ± 32.09 | 96.51 ± 22.72 | NS | 69.33 ± 33.84 | 109.51 ± 7.88 | < 0.05 |
| Urine albumin creatine ratio | 527.22 ± 1055.30 | 30.90 ± 52.89 | NS | 508.40 ± 731.68 | 548.74 ± 1404.61 | NS |
| Serum creatinine clearance value | 97.59 ± 52.53 | 114.66 ± 41.75 | NS | 94.24 ± 60.68 | 101.41 ± 45.96 | NS |
| Urea nitrogen | 7.65 ± 5.66 | 5.87 ± 2.24 | NS | 9.60 ± 7.24 | 5.41 ± 1.58 | NS |
| Fasting insulin | 61.34 ± 24.06 | 70.91 ± 57.40 | NS | 73.31 ± 19.84 | 47.66 ± 21.96 | < 0.05 |
| HOMA-IR | 3.82 ± 2.13 | 3.10 ± 2.00 | NS | 4.53 ± 1.62 | 23.00 ± 2.46 | NS |
| HOMA-B | 0.40 ± 0.25 | 0.80 ± 1.02 | NS | 0.36 ± 0.13 | 0.45 ± 0.36 | NS |
| Platelet | 217.60 ± 55.49 | 203.67 ± 63.63 | NS | 196.63 ± 43.45 | 241.57 ± 61.04 | NS |
| Mean platelet volume | 11.13 ± 0.85 | 10.99 ± 0.79 | NS | 11.40 ± 0.88 | 10.83 ± 0.76 | NS |
| Platelet distribution width | 13.79 ± 1.58 | 13.95 ± 1.55 | NS | 14.05 ± 1.55 | 13.49 ± 1.67 | NS |
| Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio | 2.85 ± 0.99 | 2.10 ± 0.86 | < 0.05 | 2.75 ± 0.90 | 2.97 ± 1.15 | NS |
| T cell count | 1165.87 ± 373.69 | 1518.00 ± 335.85 | NS | 1092.75 ± 504.02 | 1249.43 ± 119.08 | NS |
| B cell count | 249.67 ± 82.72 | 378.87 ± 124.49 | < 0.01 | 198.00 ± 57.65 | 308.71 ± 66.81 | < 0.01 |
| CD4+ T cell count | 733.87 ± 299.45 | 953.2 ± 226.40 | < 0.05 | 684.13 ± 413.77 | 790.72 ± 49.25 | NS |
| CD8+ T cell count | 389.40 ± 116.23 | 490.47 ± 137.90 | < 0.05 | 371.88 ± 145.83 | 409.43 ± 76.37 | NS |
| CD4+ to CD8+ T cell ratio | 1.91 ± 0.60 | 2.01 ± 0.42 | NS | 1.85 ± 0.79 | 1.98 ± 0.31 | NS |
| NK cell count | 220.20 ± 85.18 | 462.27 ± 250.54 | < 0.01 | 240.00 ± 114.91 | 197.57 ± 20.12 | NS |
| NK cell percent | 12.66 ± 3.65 | 19.41 ± 9.48 | < 0.05 | 14.05 ± 4.52 | 11.07 ± 1.33 | NS |
Data are presented as mean ± SD. HbA1c: Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HOMA-B: Homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function; NS: No significance; Group DR: Samples with diabetic retinopathy; Group D: Samples without diabetic retinopathy; Group PDR: Patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy; Group NPDR: Patients without proliferative diabetic retinopathy.