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. 2023 Jun 13;14:1192035. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1192035

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Copyright © Punja, Ni, Lung and Buirs.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The growing environment for cannabis and various research approaches employed in this study. (A) Flowering plants one week prior to harvest shows the production of large numbers of inflorescences under greenhouse conditions. (B) A close-up of the inflorescences which are produced from multiple stems on each plant. These inflorescences were sampled for assessing total yeast and mold (TYM) in this study. (C) Detached fresh inflorescences (top row) and dried buds (lower row) in which the inflorescence leaves have been mechanically trimmed. (D) Blender used to grind tissues in water for 30 s. (E) A view of the homogenized tissue blend from fresh inflorescences prior to plating. (F) Homogenized tissue from dried inflorescences prior to plating. (G) Transfer slurry to Petri dishes containing agar media. (H) Colonies of fungi growing on PDA + S. Green colonies are Penicillium, pink colonies are Fusarium. Photo was taken 5 days after plating. (I) Placement of Petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar plus 140 mg/L streptomycin sulfate in the plant canopy adjacent to inflorescences to sample air-borne yeasts and molds. (J,K) Colonies developing on dishes exposed for 1 h in the cannabis growing environment and incubated under laboratory conditions for 5 days. The yellow colonies are Aspergillus, the green colonies are Penicillium, the brown colonies are Cladosporium, and the pink colony is Fusarium.