Table 1.

Primer pairs used for gene expression studies

Genes	Sequence (5′➔3′)	Annealing temperature (°C)	Product size (bp)
Rn-β-actin NCBI accession number NM_031144.3	F: TGACAGGATGCAGAAGGAGA	60	104
	R: TAGAGCCACCAATCCACACA
Rn-TNF-α NCBI accession number NM_012675.3	F: ATGGGCTCCCTCTCATCAGT	60	106
	R: GCTTGGTGGTTTGCTACGAC
Rn-IL10 NCBI accession Number NM_012854	F: AGTGGAGCAGGTGAAGAATG	60	139
	R: TAGATGCCGGGTGGTTCAAT
Rn-Smad2 NCBI accession number NM_001277450	F: TCCATCGAACTCGGAGAGGT	60	106
	R: ATACAAGCGCACTCCCCTTC
Rn-Smad4 NCBI accession number NM_019275.3	F: GCAACCCCCATCACCTTAGT	60	134
	R: CATCGGAGGAAGGTACAGCG
Rn-Smad6 NCBI accession number NM_001109002.2	F: CGCCTCTATGCGGTGTATGA	60	146
	R: AGCAGGATGCCAAAACCGAT
Rn-TGF-β1 NCBI accession number NM_021578.2	F: TCCATGACATGAACCGACCC	60	142
	R: TGCCGTACACAGCAGTTCTT

Abbreviations: NCBI, National Center for Biotechnology Information. F = Forward primer and R = Reverse primer sequences