Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the study population in relation to self-reported traffic noise in bedroom. The number of participants in each group with percentages in brackets and mean values with+- standard deviation are reported
| In your bedroom, can you hear traffic noise? | Does your bedroom window face a nearby street (< 20 m)? | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | No | Yes | |
| Age (years) | 51.7 (± 7.3) | 51.5 (± 7.2) | 51.6 (± 7.2) | 51.6 (± 7.2) |
| Sex | ||||
| Women | 3255 (51.3) | 3680 (54.5) | 3900 (52.0) | 3029 (54.3) |
| Men | 3091 (48.7) | 3070 (45.5) | 3607 (48.0) | 2552 (45.7) |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Current | 739 (11.8) | 912 (13.9) | 893 (12.2) | 758 (13.9) |
| Former | 2436 (39.0) | 2638 (40.3) | 2878 (39.3) | 2194 (40.2) |
| Never | 3073 (49.2) | 2989 (45.7) | 3551 (48.5) | 2504 (45.9) |
| Education | ||||
| Primary school | 704 (11.1) | 775 (11.6) | 793 (10.6) | 681 (12.3) |
| Secondary or technical school | 2566 (40.6) | 2867 (42.7) | 3134 (42.0) | 2298 (41.4) |
| University or college | 3044 (48.2) | 3067 (45.7) | 3540 (47.4) | 2568 (46.3) |
| Working status | ||||
| No | 785 (12.5) | 1043 (15.6) | 1013 (13.6) | 811 (14.6) |
| Yes | 5519 (87.5) | 5650 (84.4) | 6438 (86.4) | 4727(85.4) |
| Type of accommodation | ||||
| Detached house | 3520 (56.7) | 3093 (46.6) | 4128 (56.2) | 2487 (45.3) |
| Semidetached or terraced house | 1065 (17.1) | 1047 (15.8) | 1224 (16.7) | 887 (16.2) |
| Apartment | 1627 (26.2) | 2498 (37.6) | 1999 (27.2) | 2118 (38.6) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 537 (8.5) | 817 (12.3) | 708 (9.5) | 644 (11.7) |
| Married or cohabitating | 5173 (82.4) | 5034 (75.6) | 5994 (80.6) | 4206 (76.3) |
| Divorced or widowed | 571 (9.1) | 808 (12.1) | 717 (9.7) | 662 (12.0) |
| Parent obesity | ||||
| No | 1310 (22.9) | 1365 (22.6) | 1563 (23.1) | 1110 (22.3) |
| Yes | 4416 (77.1) | 4669 (77.4) | 5216 (76.9) | 3864 (77.7) |
| Children | ||||
| No children | 745 (11.8) | 1002(14.9) | 963 (12.9) | 782 (14.1) |
| One or more children | 5576 (88.2) | 5718 (85.1) | 6513 (87.1) | 4776 (85.9) |
| Level of exercise | ||||
| Less than once a week | 1406 (22.3) | 1495 (22.5) | 1606 (21.6) | 1289 (23.4) |
| Once a week | 1156 (18.4) | 1197 (18.0) | 1335 (18.0) | 1017 (18.5) |
| 2–3 times a week | 2405 (38.2) | 2458 (37.0) | 2813 (37.9) | 2048 (37.2) |
| Daily | 1325 (21.1) | 1495 (22.5) | 1669 (22.5) | 1151 (20.9) |
| Mean hours spent at home | 13.7 (± 3.2) | 13.9 (± 3.4) | 13.7 (± 3.3) | 13.9 (± 3.2) |
| Sleep disturbance | ||||
| Level 1a | 1060 (29.0) | 1087 (25.1) | 1265 (28.4) | 882 (25.0) |
| Level 2b | 1125 (30.8) | 1325 (30.6) | 1349 (30.3) | 1101 (31.2) |
| Level 3c | 749 (20.5) | 889 (20.5) | 9911 (20.4) | 727 (20.6) |
| Level 4d | 722 (19.7) | 1034 (23.9) | 932 (20.9) | 824 (23.3) |
| Waist circumference men | 97.6 (± 11.0) | 97.3 (± 11.2) | 97.2 (± 11.0) | 97.8 (± 11.2) |
| Waist circumference women | 86.9 (± 11.9) | 87.5 (± 12.7) | 86.8 (± 12.1) | 87.8 (± 12.5) |
| BMI | 25.9 (± 4.3) | 26.1 (± 4.7) | 25.9 (± 4.4) | 26.2 (± 4.6) |
| Obesity | ||||
| No | 5414 (85.7) | 5636 (83.7) | 6399 (85.5) | 4647 (83.6) |
| Yes | 906 (14.3) | 1095 (16.3) | 1083 (14.5) | 914 (16.4) |
| Overweight | ||||
| No | 2868 (45.7) | 2969 (44.5) | 3423 (46.2) | 2411 (43.7) |
| Yes | 3403 (54.3) | 3696 (55.5) | 3984 (53.8) | 3110 (56.3) |
| Abdominal obesity men (WC > 102) | ||||
| No | 1937 (67.9) | 1990 (70.0) | 2319 (69.3) | 1609 (68.5) |
| Yes | 916 (32.1) | 858 (30.0) | 1026 (30.7) | 714 (31.5) |
| Abdominal obesity women (WC > 88) | ||||
| No | 1697 (56.6) | 1859 (54.1) | 2075 (57.1) | 1478 (52.9) |
| Yes | 1300 (43.4) | 1578 (45.9) | 1560 (43.3) | 1315 (47.1) |
aSleep score 4, bSleep score 5–6, cSleep score 7–8, dSleep score ≥ 9