Extended Data Table 5.
Association between cumulative average dietary patterns without coffee component (comparing the 90th to 10th percentile) and outcomes in the pooled data
| Outcome | Major Chronic Disease | Major Cardiovascular Disease |
Type 2 Diabetes | Total Cancer | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | 44,975 | 12,962 | 18,615 | 17,909 | |
| Person-year | 4,852,894 | 5,148,378 | 4,630,725 | 5,138,951 | |
| DRRD | Age | 0.62 (0.60, 0.63) | 0.61 (0.58, 0.64) | 0.49 (0.47, 0.51) | 0.79 (0.76, 0.82) |
| MV | 0.74 (0.72, 0.76) | 0.76 (0.72, 0.80) | 0.62 (0.60, 0.65) | 0.93 (0.89, 0.97) | |
| rEDIH | Age | 0.53 (0.52, 0.54) | 0.60 (0.58, 0.63) | 0.31 (0.30, 0.32) | 0.81 (0.78, 0.84) |
| MV | 0.61 (0.59, 0.62) | 0.71 (0.67, 0.74) | 0.38 (0.36, 0.39) | 0.91 (0.87, 0.94) | |
| rEDIP | Age | 0.58 (0.57, 0.59) | 0.64 (0.62, 0.67) | 0.36 (0.34, 0.37) | 0.85 (0.82, 0.88) |
| MV | 0.66 (0.64, 0.67) | 0.73 (0.70, 0.76) | 0.42 (0.41, 0.44) | 0.92 (0.88, 0.95) | |
CI, Confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DRRD, Diabetes Risk Reduction Diet; HR, Hazard ratio; MV, multivariable; rEDIH, reversed Empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia; rEDIP, reversed Empirical dietary inflammation pattern.
Analyses were stratified by age (in month), calendar year, and cohort. MV model: adjusted for physical activity (<3.0, 3.0-8.9, 9.0-17.9, 18.0-26.9, 27.0-41.9, or ≥42 MET-h/week), cigarette smoking status (never, former quitting ≥10 y, former quitting <10 y, current), cigarette smoking pack-years (0, 1-4, 5-14, 15-24, or ≥25 pack-years), multivitamin use (yes or no), regular aspirin use (yes or no), regular non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use (yes or no), postmenopausal hormone use (premenopausal, never, former, or current use) for women, and total energy intake (quintiles). Alcohol consumption (<5.0, 5.0-14.9, or ≥15.0 g/d) was adjusted for DASH, hPDI, and DRRD. For major chronic disease, the model was additionally adjusted for family history of diabetes (yes or no), family history of cancer (yes or no), and family history of cardiovascular disease (yes or no). For type 2 diabetes, the model was additionally adjusted for family history of diabetes (yes or no). For major cardiovascular disease, the model was additionally adjusted for family history of cardiovascular disease (yes or no). For total cancer, the model was additionally adjusted for family history of cancer (yes or no) and height (continuous).