Table 5.

Effect of in utero choline exposure on Angus × Holstein calf feed blood metabolites while on a finishing diet at approximately 8 to 9 mo of age presented as least square means and 95% CI

	Treatment1				Sex		P-value			Contrasts2
Item	CTL	RPC1RD	RPC2RD	RPC2HD	Male	Female	Trt	Sex	Trt × Sex	A	B
Glucose, mg/dL	95.6	85.0	92.4	89.9	91.5	89.9	0.48	0.82	0.24	<0.01	0.02
	[91.3, 99.9]	[79.4, 90.7]	[88.0, 96.9]	[86.0, 94.0]	[87.7, 95.4]	[87.3, 92.5]
Insulin, µg/L	4.4a	1.4b	3.1a,b	1.9b	2.3	3.0	0.01	0.24	0.28	<0.01	0.001
	[3.1, 6.0]	[0.5, 2.7]	[1.9, 4.5]	[1.3, 2.8]	[1.4, 3.3]	[2.3, 3.7]
BUN, mg/dL	5.4	5.6	5.5	5.4	5.2	5.7	0.93	0.04	0.19	0.91	0.94
	[5.0, 5.9]	[5.0, 6.2]	[5.1, 6.0]	[5.0, 5.8]	[4.9, 5.6]	[5.5, 6.0]
Fatty acids, mM	0.10	0.12	0.09	0.09	0.10	0.10	0.31	0.87	0.21	0.63	0.46
	[0.08, 0.12]	[0.09, 0.15]	[0.07, 0.11]	[0.07, 0.11]	[0.08, 0.12]	[0.09, 0.11]
Triglyceride, mg/dL	18.1	14.6	16.0	16.0	16.2	16.1	0.49	0.95	0.27	0.09	0.20
	[15.2, 21.6]	[11.4, 18.6]	[13.3, 19.2]	[13.5, 18.9]	[13.8, 18.9]	[14.3, 18.0]
BHB, mM	0.28a	0.24a	0.31a,b	0.37b	0.31	0.29	0.01	0.61	0.16	0.29	0.02
	[0.23, 0.32]	[0.18, 0.31]	[0.27, 0.36]	[0.33, 0.41]	[0.27, 0.35]	[0.27, 0.32]
RQUICKI	0.34a	0.41a	0.38a	0.42b	0.40	0.38	0.001	0.28	0.46	<0.001	<0.001
	[0.36, 0.33]	[0.47, 0.36]	[0.42, 0.35]	[0.47, 0.39]	[0.43, 0.37]	[0.40, 0.36]
Glucose:Insulin	21.6a	59.9b	29.6a,b	45.5b	40.5	30.5	0.01	0.22	0.29	<0.01	<0.01
	[16.0, 30.8]	[32.4, 146.0]	[20.7, 46.0]	[30.5, 75.1]	[28.1, 63.4]	[24.3, 39.4]

¹CTL = 0 g/d supplemental RPC; RPC1_RD = 15 g/d supplemental RPC (ReaShure; Balchem Corp.); RPC2_RD = 15 g/d supplemental RPC in concentrated prototype (Balchem Corp.); RPC2_HD = 22 g/d supplemental RPC in concentrated prototype (Balchem Corp.).

²Contrast A: CTL vs. RPC; Contrast B: linear dose of RPC.

^a,b,cMeans within a row with different letters differ (P < 0.05).