Table 7.

Effect of in utero choline exposure and sex on Angus × Holstein offspring carcass characteristics at approximately 16 mo of age, presented as least square means and 95% CI

	Treatment1				Sex		P-value			Contrasts2
Item	CTL	RPC1RD	RPC2RD	RPC2HD	Male	Female	Trt	Sex	Trt × Sex	A	B
Slaughter	666	663	676	675	700	640	0.83	<0.001	0.54	0.94	0.31
weight, kg	[646, 687]	[626, 700]	[645, 709]	[656, 696]	[679, 721]	[627, 655]
Hot carcass	393	393	394	397	412	376	0.98	<0.001	0.57	0.73	0.79
weight, kg	[378, 409]	[367, 418]	[372, 415]	[383, 411]	[398, 427]	[366, 385]
Dressing percentage, %							0.55	0.59	0.01	<0.001	0.59
Male	58.9ab	59.0a,b	57.7a	59.9b
	[57.9, 60.0]	[58.4, 59.6]	[56.5, 58.8]	[58.9, 60.9]
Female	59.1	58.8	59.1	57.9
	[58.2, 60.0]	[58.5, 59.1]	[58.2, 60.0]	[57.0, 58.7]
KPH, kg	20.2a	25.0b	20.5ab	23.6ab	22.1	22.4	0.04	0.83	0.97	0.12	0.07
	[18.3, 22.2]	[21.9, 28.5]	[18.6, 22.7]	[19.5, 28.4]	[19.9, 24.4]	[20.7, 24.2]
KPH, %	5.2a	6.4b	5.3ab	6.0ab	5.4	6.1	0.01	0.06	0.89	0.05	0.05
	[4.7, 5.7]	[5.8, 7.1]	[4.6, 6.0]	[5.0, 7.1]	[4.9, 5.9]	[5.6, 6.5]
REA, cm2	93.5	85.8	91.0	90.3	89.0	91.0	0.66	0.70	0.90	0.11	0.26
	[87.1, 100.6]	[73.5, 99.4]	[83.2, 99.4]	[85.2, 95.8]	[82.6, 96.1]	[86.5, 94.8]
Marbling	489	554	561	571	539	546	0.23	0.83	0.45	0.28	0.04
score3	[434, 550]	[473, 649]	[496, 634]	[511, 638]	[485, 599]	[508, 588]

¹CTL = 0 g/d supplemental RPC; RPC1_RD = 15 g/d supplemental RPC (ReaShure; Balchem Corp.); RPC2_RD = 15 g/d supplemental RPC in concentrated prototype (Balchem Corp.); RPC2_HD = 22 g/d supplemental RPC in concentrated prototype (Balchem Corp.).

²Contrast A: CTL vs. RPC; Contrast B: linear dose of RPC.

³Determined by USDA grader; small = 400 to 499, modest = 500 to 599, moderate = 600 to 699.

^a,b,cMeans within a row with separate letters differ (P < 0.05).