Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies in this systematic review and meta-analysis.
| Authors | Publication year | Study design | Study country | Sample size | Prevalence (%) | Quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Toa L et al | 2021 | Cross-sectional | China | 1392 | 77.4 | Low risk |
| Okuyan B et al | 2021 | Cross-sectional | Turk | 961 | 74.7 | Low risk |
| Huynh G et al | 2021 | Cross-sectional | Vietnam | 410 | 76.1 | Low risk |
| Mahmud I et al | 2021 | Cross-sectional | Saudi Arabia | 1387 | 57.5 | Low risk |
| Seboka BT et al | 2021 | Cross-sectional | Ethiopia | 1116 | 46.6 | Low risk |
| Shitu K et al | 2021 | Cross-sectional | Ethiopia | 301 | 40.8 | Low risk |
| Shmueli L | 2021 | Cross-sectional | Israeli | 398 | 80 | Low risk |
| Wong MC et al | 2020 | Cross-sectional | China | 1200 | 42.2 | Low risk |
| Patwary MM et al | 2021 | Cross-sectional | Bangladish | 639 | 85 | Low risk |
| Goruntla N et al | 2021 | Cross-sectional | India | 2451 | 89.3 | Low risk |
| Youssef D et al | 2022 | Cross-sectional | Lebanon | 1800 | 58.1 | Low risk |
| Qin C et al | 2022 | Cross-sectional | China | 3119 | 93.7 | Low risk |
| Khalafalla HE et al | 2022 | Cross-sectional | Saudi Arabia | 1039 | 83.6 | Low risk |
| Chen H et al | 2021 | Cross-sectional | China | 2531 | 65.7 | Low risk |
| Hawlader MDH et al | 2022 | Cross-sectional | South Asia | 18201 | 69.05 | Low risk |
| Caple A et al | 2022 | Cross-sectional | Philippines | 7193 | 62.5 | Low risk |
| Yasmin F et al | 2021 | Cross-sectional | Pakistan | 1778 | 72 | Low risk |
| Kabir R et al | 2021 | Cross-sectional | Bangladish | 697 | 69 | Low risk |
| Yan E et al | 2021 | Cross-sectional | China | 1255 | 42 | Low risk |