Figure 3.

Non-canonical pathway of NF-κB activation. Non-canonical NF-κB pathway is independent of NEMO and relies on another kinase, the NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK), which together with IKKα (IKK1) transduces cell signaling. Multiple membrane receptor-mediated signals activate NIK/IKKα complex, which in turn phosphorylates p100, triggering its processing into p52. The heterodimer p52/RelB can translocate to the nucleus and bind to DNA-responsive elements, thus activating the transcription of target genes.