Table 2.
Presentation of the effect of polyphenols on intestinal microbiota.
| Polyphenols and Source | Sample | Impact on Microbiome | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red wine extract | Fecal (human) in vitro | Increase: Bifidobacterium spp. | [138] |
| Lactobacillus/Enterococcus spp. | |||
| Bacteroides spp. | |||
| Inhibit: Clostridin hystolyticum | |||
| Grape pomace | Fecal (human) in vitro | Increase: Bifidobacterium spp. | [139] |
| Clostrida | |||
| Campylobacter | |||
| Inhibit: Escherichia coli | |||
| Salmonella | |||
| Blueberry extract | Fecal (human) in vitro | Increase: Lactobacillus | [140] |
| Bifidobacterium spp. | |||
| Grape seed extract fraction | Fecal (human) in vitro | Increase: Lactobacillus/Enterococcus spp. | [141] |
| Inhibit: Clostridin hystolyticum | |||
| Tea polyphenols | Fecal (pigs) in vitro | Increase: Lactobacillus | [142] |
| Inhibit: Bacteroidaceae | |||
| Clostridium perfringens | |||
| Red wine polyphenols powder | Fecal (rats) in vitro | Increase: Lactobacilli | [143] |
| Bifidobacteria | |||
| Inhibit: Propionibacteria | |||
| Bacteriodes, Clostridia | |||
| Grape pomace concentrate, Grape seed extract | Fecal (broiler chicks) in vitro | Increase: E. Coli, Enterococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp. | [144] |
| Lowbush wild blueberries | Fecal (rats) in vitro | Incerase: Thermonospora spp., Corynebacteria spp. | [145] |
| Slackia spp. | |||
| Inhibit: Lactobacillus spp. Enterococcus spp. | |||
| Apple pomace | In vivo (rats) | Increase: Lactobacillus | [146] |
| Bifidobacterium | |||
| Bacteriodoceae | |||
| Eubacterium | |||
| Inhibit: | |||
| Bacteroides spp. | |||
| Tannin supplementation | In vivo (mouse) | Increase: Bacteroides, Lactobacillus | [147] |
| Inhibit: Clostridium |