Table 6.
Pooled results and certainty assessment of randomized clinical trials and observational studies involving children with hydroureteronephrosis (seventh clinical question).
| Certainty Assessment | No. of Patients | Effect | Certainty | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Studies | Study Design | Risk of Bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Other Considerations | Antibiotic Prophylaxis | No Prophylaxis | Relative (95% CI) |
Absolute (95% CI) |
|
| Risk of UTI (follow-up: mean 33 months; assessed as rates of recurrence) | |||||||||||
| 3 [56,57,58] | observational studies | Serious a | not serious | not serious | not serious | strong association | 44/219 (20.1%) | 47/115 (40.9%) |
RR 0.49 (0.35 to 0.69) |
208 fewer per 1000 (266 fewer–127 fewer) |
⨁⨁◯◯ Low |
CI: confidence interval; RR: risk ratio. a: complete risk of bias analysis with results for Newcastle–Ottawa Scale tool is presented in Supplementary Tables and Figures.