Table 11.
Pooled results and certainty assessment of randomized clinical trials and observational studies involving children who underwent pyeloplasty.
| Certainty Assessment | No. of Patients | Effect | Certainty | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Studies | Study Design | Risk of Bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Other Considerations | Antibiotic Prophylaxis | No Prophylaxis | Relative (95% CI) |
Absolute (95% CI) |
|
| Risk of UTI recurrence (follow-up: mean 2 months; assessed with rate of recurrences with positive urine culture) | |||||||||||
| 3 [69,70,71] | observational studies | not serious a | not serious | not serious | serious b | none | 36/520 (6.9%) | 25/441 (5.7%) |
RR 1.22 (0.74 to 2.00) |
12 more per 1000 (15 fewer–57 more) |
⨁◯◯◯ Very low |
CI: confidence interval; HR: hazard ratio; OR: odds ratio; RR: risk ratio. a: complete risk of bias analysis with results for Newcastle–Ottawa Scale tool is presented in Supplementary Tables and Figures. b: OIS criterion is not met and 95% CI overlaps no effect.