Subtheme	2010−2020: Caring for and Supporting Special Education	2010−2020: Improving Special Education System	2010−2020: Perfecting Guarantees for Special Education	2010−2020: Developing Special Education
Interviewee
Director and principal	provides a chapter on special education. These requirements are gradually implemented after the plan is put forward	after the policy came out, the government came out with special funds. There were no special schools in many places, but now there are 2205 special schools. So many special schools must be built under the big policy	these policies are gradually implemented, now vocational education, free tuition for students, now the implementation of Beijing students’ food costs, clothing costs are implemented to meet, and the average cost of special students is generally six times the average of ordinary schools, some places are ten times	in 2011, the state set up a “standard for the construction of special education schools”, and Beijing also set a “standard for running schools” in 2012. In this standard, the requirements and degrees of schools are clearly stipulated
Principal	Yes. We pay attention to related national laws, regulations and policies. Our governments and different institutions are working on that. The future is promising. Because as our country progresses, we need to attend to disadvantaged people and provide personalized services for them, because that represents a country’s development of economy, culture and civilization. Now China has valued civilization and environmental harmony. In this way, Special Education can have a bright future. Now, I think we need to build a support system for Special Education. Integrated education requires us to respect people. So need a system in which special education schools are not just places for these students, but also places of research. Special education schools need time to develop	NA	Yes, I’ve noticed that. First of all, I think with these standards, we can have new schools. But how to apply these standards effectively is still a question. It’s very important but it also takes time	Our country has developed a lot. With future development and more foreign exchanges, we can do a good job on Special Education
Manager	NA	NA	NA	NA
Practitioner	the medium- and long-term plan will be realized next year. This policy is to give parents a great hope, parents are very concerned about this policy. Because there are a lot of special education policy support and some welfare support, not only for the children’s education stage, but also for the children’s life stage.	in the past five or six years, haidian district has paid more and more attention to integrated education. At the very beginning, the special education center was set up by our school. Later, the special education center became independent and took charge of integrated education of the whole district. This is particularly well done. Although I am a special education teacher, I still hope that children can live in a normal environment and contact with other children. Otherwise, it is a relatively closed environment, and the people and things contacted are very narrow.	I think we have done a good job in education, but we still need to strengthen compulsory education. For example, preschool education and vocational education related to special children, especially those with mental retardation, are very weak.	I know, later schools is a standard, need to build specific I don’t know what kind of school, and then, this piece, education conditions improved over the years is really great, as long as it is the school’s side have the development needs, countries can offer certain support, and then, the teacher training efforts in this piece is big, if schools have a what kind of training needs, can have the funds to do support, because it is rich in resources, on this side of the Beijing will find corresponding resources for training.
Practitioner	When they just get rolled out, we should learn about it and have a basic understanding of it. Supervisors and managers need to learn more. Practitioners should have a basic understanding. But I think frontline teachers don’t need to spend much time analyzing them.	NA	On one hand, it’s learning in the field. On the other hand, we communicate with friends.	In this way, there might be inequalities among different areas. So we need to find a balance.
Practitioner	NA	NA	NA	NA
Assistant Professor	I think it is happening now because the outline is a guiding policy but in 2014 a number of ministries and federation put forward the improvement plan and also in 2017 which referred to this outline too. They mentioned we should increase the investment including the financial support and policy support including teacher development and extend the 9 year compulsory education to high school and vocational education. I think it is happening in regard to the word caring and support of special education. More and more special education schools are opening. Before 2010 very few schools were operating special education for vocational education. It depends on the different areas and different school. For example Shenzhen, they are very rich and they have so much support. In other settings, they may need to pay part of it or all.	More and more special education schools are opening. Before 2010 very few schools were operating special education for vocational education. It depends on the different areas and different school. For example Shenzhen, they are very rich and they have so much support. In other settings, they may need to pay part of it or all.	It is relative. In some area they do not even have high school within their system. I am not sure about salaries but I know the basic salary for them should be 30% more than regular teachers.	I think all these thing are happening based on my observations. I can see lots of schools in poor areas which are rebuilt and some are refurbished so that teachers can more access.
Postdoctoral fellow	in the last ten years, the country’s attitude towards special education has undergone great changes, from promotion to support to success. Although it has only changed two words, it can be found that the country attaches more and more importance to special education.	it is mainly the development of preschool education and higher education. The country mainly pays attention to the stage of compulsory education and pays little attention to the development of both ends. The present system is still large in the middle and small at both ends. For preschool education itself, many policies concerning preschool education stipulate special education, but although there are regulations in the policies, it is difficult for kindergartens to accept special children. Due to the lack of preschool education resources, it is difficult to implement in practice. Unless the preschool education into the compulsory education stage.	policy documents need to be carried out continuously, especially from 2010 to 2020, and more policy documents need to be issued in the next ten years. In my opinion, new positioning is needed in the future. What exactly should special education do? These questions need to be clarified.	the first is the operability of the policy, must be the implementation of the policy. The balance of the second is the area is very important, from the development of special education, and there is no any resources followed in the countryside, but in the countryside, many of the students without disabilities appraisal, followed in the while, followed in the but no money, the gap leads to the region, within the region, such as Beijing, there are a lot of schools have different levels of development, education is far far worse, and nationally, imbalance is bigger.In addition, in the field of special education, the development of informatization is of great help to the development of special education in terms of teachers’ professional quality and the concept of curriculum implementation. Many information technologies are mainly used in rehabilitation, but not in curriculum teaching. Therefore, how to better use the Internet is a problem worth thinking about in the future.
Assistant Professor	well, of course I pay attention to him for that. But I feel the whole plan, well, on the one hand, the development of the whole person education as a guide, it is now common education, teachers, especially the leaders, this aspect of consciousness gradually improve, but on the other hand, because there is too much it involves a plan, then the content of the special education as one of the small. Its impact is still very limited. Well, but it should be a good start	there are more than 300,000 disabled line, should that is special education school, so now, more than 300,000 people in the middle and western regions of the county, and many have set up special education school, but also these problems, is below 300,000 population, he how to build special education school, or how the children placed, so although it is said to inclusive into regular school education, but for the Midwest, 300,000 population below special man some county, for example of my county, so he has no special education school, and many people with disabilities is difficult to go to school.Second is school should create the opportunity to receive him, formal education is just mentioned, the central region in the eastern areas or coastal regions, we now no matter how much you are more than 300,000 or above, then these special children, more and more into the regular school accept education, but this is hard to realize in the Midwest, is the whole word for the disabled or the Midwest and rural areas of still higher unemploymentThird, to speed up the pre-school education, high school, professional education and higher education, special education, it should be a system because so far many special children is 9 years of compulsory education after graduation may be faced with the home state, or some words or after 9 years of compulsory education, still stay in school to 20 years old, and even some of the children, I also saw more than 20 years old before all stay in the school, so the whole is our, professional education a piece of this a school or higher education school, is to continue to grow, and how to make these children accept special education and culture after nine years of compulsory education,	the country basic national standards for special education work, or I think this is the most need is urgently needed to solve the problem, because in our country’s education policy and school on the whole, many measures, it often according to policy of the country, if countries do not have very good policy, or does not have special policy for this so, when the practice of the following may be compromised, especially some, still underdeveloped areas, it does not have the resources, it may be compromised.Second standards formulated by the government of the place, for the eastern region or some developed urban areas, then gradually have their own standard, then explore its own pattern, I think this pattern is very important, because if for the education of special education in China, a lot of differences in these, so each region according to their own, their needs and their actual practice the standard is very important.The third is the more investment, so this is one of the most important of course, by mentioning how to education, are now facing a lot of it is school recruitment of students after the special children, he didn’t have enough teachers don’t have enough power, so to protect the rights of these children, as well as special children, no more teachers, resources protection without causing a normal child.There is a special education is funded community and families, I think this one is also very important, is the whole, there are many disabled children family, one is economic pressure, another is, how to through the community education, community school so that all parents can rest assured to work, because once the disabled children is now close to home, and then facing unemployment for a family with a staff, so in this case, he may have certain benefits to the child, but the economic burden of the whole family will be more and more heavy, so how about funding community family, so to subsidise the community,	Or renovation and expansion of new answer: school, so now the situation is more and more, is the whole school renovation of expansion or more and more new schools, so this is developing quickly, the second necessary teaching life rehabilitation training facilities, then this, is the national investment in recent years, is also is a large part, this is rehabilitation facilities, some of the basic life need, is basically a special education school, can basically meet the needs of special education students. As for the third teacher professional training, there are too many professional training programs for special education teachers, including those in schools, districts and provinces. The training organized in the city and the training organized in the province, so, this training is more and more, basically can meet its current needs.