Table 2.

Current literature articles involving blueberries and cutaneous health with a summary of findings.

Authors	Model	Findings
Roy, S. et al., 2002 [56]	In vitro	Blueberry extract-treated human HaCaT keratinocytes displayed significant reductions in hydrogen peroxide and TNF⍺-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression.
Wang, H. et al., 2019 [90]	In vitro	On human HaCaT keratinocytes and human foreskin fibroblast cells exposed to UV-C radiation, blueberry extract exhibited protective effects: decrease DNA fragmentation, inhibited MMP-1 and other inflammatory factors expression.
Hong, S. et al., 2021 [91]	In vitro/In vivo	Fermented blueberry and black rice (FBBBR) extract mitigated particulate matter-induced inflammation in HaCaT cells through proinflammatory cytokine reduction (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8). FBBBR improved transepidermal water loss, decreased skin erythema, AD-like symptoms, cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10), and scratching tendency in mice exposed to particulate matter.
Grether-beck, S, et al., 2017 [92]	In vitro	Blueberry-derived antioxidant matrix (Berrimatrix™) successfully prevented infrared A-induced MMP-1 expression in primary human skin fibroblasts.
Bae, J. et al., 2009 [93]	In vitro	Bog blueberry extract attenuated UV-B triggered collagen damage and release of IL-6 and IL-8 in human dermal fibroblasts.
Yamasaki, S. et al., 2018 [94]	In vitro	Normal human epidermal keratinocytes pretreated with lowbush blueberry extract exhibited significant attenuation in UV-B-induced damage.
Park, S. et al., 2021 [71]	In vivo	In UVB-irradiated hairless mice, FBBBR oral supplementation improved stratum corneum hydration, epidermal thickness, and increased filaggrin, involucrin, TGM-1, and COL1A1 mRNA expression in skin.
Pambianchi, E. et al., 2020 [55]	In vitro/Ex vivo	Pretreatment with blueberry extract displayed protective effects in HaCaT, reconstructed human epidermis, and human skin explants exposed to ozone. Blueberry extract enhanced keratinocyte wound closure and prevented O3-induced ROS production and inflammasome activation (reduction of CASP1, IL-18). Blueberry extract also prevented O3-induced increase in 4-HNE, ASC, and NLRP1 in human skin explants.
Pambianchi, E. et al., 2021 [57]	Ex vivo	Topical application of Alaskan bog blueberry extract prevented UVA/UVB-induced 4-HNE, HO-1, COX2 expression and decreased the loss of cutaneous structural proteins (filaggrin and involucrin) in human skin explants.
Draelos, Z.D. et al., 2009 [62]	Clinical	/Topical application of blueberry extract-containing product for 12 weeks increased cutaneous moisturization, smoothness, radiance, and firmness in type II diabetic skin.
Segger, D. et al., 2004 [72]	Clinical	Dietary supplementation of Evelle (a blueberry extract-containing product) for 12 weeks successfully improved skin elasticity and reduced skin roughness.
Schiavon, D. et al., 2019 [95]	Clinical	Blueberry extract- and microparticles-formulated sunscreen exhibited increased photoprotective capacity in the stratum corneum of humans exposed to UV light.