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. 2023 May 24;11(6):1520. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11061520

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Overview of the current different immunotherapy-related therapeutic approaches to glioblastoma. PD1: programmed cell death protein 1; PDL1: programmed cell death protein ligand 1; CTLA4: cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen; CMV: cytomegalovirus; IDH1: isocitrate dehydrogenase 1; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; CAR: chimeric antigen receptor; CSF1-R: colony stimulating factor 1 receptor; TGF: transforming growth factor; IL: interleukin.