Figure 6.

Mice were treated with vehicle or antibiotic mixture (abx) and sacrificed 2 weeks (wks) later; otherwise, mice were treated with abx and sacrificed 2, 4, or 6 weeks (wks) post antibiotic wash-out (w/o). The longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus (LMMP) was obtained at each time point. The pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α (a), interferon (IFN)-γ (b), and interleukin (IL)-1β (c) were determined using commercially available ELISA kits. Light grey: vehicle; dark grey: abx; intermediate grey: wash-out. Data were normalized by total protein content measured using the bicinchoninic acid method and are reported as mean ± SD. Number of mice for each experimental group = 7 mice per group. ^c denotes p < 0.05 vs. vehicle-treated mice.