Table 1.
Monoclonal antibodies approved by the FDA (www.fda.gov/, accessed on 20 January 2023).
| mAb Name | Target/Epitope | Antibody Kind | Cancer Kind | Year Approval |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rituximab | CD20/169-PANPSE-174 and 183-CYSIQ-187 [22] | Chimeric IgG1 | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | 1997 |
| Trastuzumab | HER2 1/extracellular domain [28] | Humanized IgG1 | Breast | 1998 |
| Alemtuzumab | CD52/C-terminal with part of the GPI anchor [29] | Humanized IgG1 | Chronic myeloid leukemia | 2001 |
| Ibritumomab tiuxetan | CD20/Same as Rituximab [30] | Murine IgG1 | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | 2002 |
| Cetuximab | EGFR/Domain III amino acids 334–504 [31] | Chimeric IgG1 | Colorectal | 2004 |
| Bevacizumab | VEGF-A/Hairpin loop (β5–turn–β6) and β2–α2–β3 [32] | Humanized IgG1 | Colorectal | 2004 |
| Panitumumab | EGFR/Domain III, P349, P362, D355, F412 and I438 [33] | Human IgG2 | Colorectal | 2006 |
| Ofatumumab | CD20/FLKMESLNFIRAHT region [34] | Human IgG1 | Chronic lymphocytic leukemia | 2009 |
| Ipilimumab | CTLA-4/front β-sheet [35] | Human IgG1 | Metastatic melanoma | 2011 |
| Brentuximab vedotin | CD30/Extracellular domain [36] | Chimeric IgG1 | Hodgkin lymphoma, systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma | 2011 |
| Pertuzumab | HER2/Extracellular domain II [37] | Humanized IgG1 | Breast | 2012 |
| Obinutuzumab | CD20/Large extracellular loop (172–176 region) [30] | Humanized IgG1 Glycoengineered | Chronic lymphocytic leukemia | 2013 |
| Ramucirumab | VEGFR2/Domain III [38] | Human IgG1 | Gastric | 2014 |
| Blinatumomab | CD19, CD3/Residues 97–107, 155–166, and 216–224 [39] | Murine bispecific tandem scFv | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia | 2014 |
| Nivolumab | PD-1/BC-loop [40] | Human IgG4 | Melanoma, non-small cell lung | 2014 |
| Pembrolizumab | PD-1/C, C′, and G antiparallel beta sheets and C-C′ and F-G loops [41] | Humanized IgG4 | Melanoma | 2014 |
| Necitumumab | EGFR/Domain III [42] | Human IgG1 | Non-small cell lung cancer | 2015 |
| Dinutuximab | GD2 [43] | Chimeric IgG1 | Neuroblastoma | 2015 |
| Daratumumab | CD38/C-terminal loop (residues 189–202 and 223–236) [44] |
Human IgG1 | Multiple myeloma | 2015 |
| Elotuzumab | SLAMF7/IgC2 domain [45] | Humanized IgG1 | Multiple myeloma | 2015 |
| Olaratumab | PDGFRα 2/Extracellular domain [46] |
Human IgG1 | Soft tissue sarcoma | 2016 |
| Atezolizumab | PD-L1 3/Beta-sheet C′ and B-C loop [41] | Humanized IgG1 | Bladder | 2016 |
| Inotuzumab ozogamicin |
CD22/V-like domain [47] | Humanized IgG4 | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
2017 |
| Avelumab | PD-L1/Central beta-sheets C and F [41] | Human IgG1 | Merkel cell carcinoma | 2017 |
| Gemtuzumab ozogamicin |
CD33/Ig-like V-set domain [48] |
Humanized IgG4 | Acute myeloid leukemia | 2017 |
| Durvalumab | PD-L1/Central beta-sheets C and F [41] | Human IgG1 | Bladder | 2017 |
| Cemiplimab | PD-1/BC and FG loops (N58 Glycan) [49] | Human mAb | Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma | 2018 |
| Polatuzumab vedotin-piiq |
CD79β/ARSEDRYRNPKGS [50] | Humanized IgG1 | Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma | 2019 |
| Enfortumab vedotin-ejfv |
Nectin-4/V-domain [51] | Human IgG1 | Cancers expressing Nectin-4 | 2019 |
| Sacituzumab govitecan | Trop-2/Q237-Q252 [52] | Humanized IgG1 | Solid tumors | 2020 |
| Isatuximab-irfc | CD38/C-terminal loop (residues 81–90) [44] |
Chimeric IgG1 | Multiple myeloma | 2020 |
| Tafasitamab-cxix | CD19 [53] | Fc-modified IgG1 | Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma |
2020 |
| Belantamab mafodotin-blmf |
BCMA 4 [54] | Afucosylated IgG1 | Multiple myeloma | 2020 |
| Naxitamab | GD2 [55] | Recombinant humanized IgG1 |
Neuroblastoma | 2020 |
| Margetuximab-cmkb | HER2/Extracellular domain [28] |
Chimeric Fc-engineered IgG1 |
Metastatic HER2-positive breast | 2020 |
| Loncastuximab tesirine-lpyl |
CD19/RB4 [56] | Humanized IgG1 | Large B-cell lymphoma | 2021 |
| Amivantamab-vmjw | EGFR/Residues K443, K465, I467, S468 [57] and MET | Human Ig G1-based bispecific antibody | Metastatic non-small cell lung | 2021 |
| Dostarlimab-gxly | PD-1/PD-L1/BC, C′D and FG loops [58] | IgG4 humanized | Advanced solid tumors | 2021 |
| Tisotumab vedotin-tftv | Tissue Factor [59] | IgG1 | Cervical | 2021 |
| Teclistamab-cqyv | BCMA [60] | Humanized Ig G4-proline, alanine, alanine | Multiple myeloma | 2022 |
| Mirvetuximab soravtansine-gynx |
FRα 5 [61] | IgG1, Antibody-drug conjugate | Epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal | 2022 |
| Mosunetuzumab-axgb | CD20/CD3 [62] | Bispecific CD20-directed CD3 T-cell engager | Relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma |
2022 |
1 Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2; 2 Programmed cell death ligand; 3 Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha; 4 B-cell maturation antigen; 5 Folate receptor-alpha.