Table 2.

BPD and subthreshold autistic traits summary table.

References	Sample	Methods	Results
Nanchen et al. 2016 [90]	BPD: F = 38	AQ; IRI; TAS	half of BPD subjects have above the ASD cut-off in the AQ test
Dudas et al. 2017 [91]	ASD: N = 624; BPD: N = 23; ASD + BPD: N = 16; HC: N = 2081; mean age: 39.43 ± 12.3 years	AQ; EQ; SQ-R	AQ score: ASD and ASD + BPD > BPD > HC EQ score: ASD and ASD + BPD performed worse than BPD (comparable to HC) SQ-R score: ASD and BPD >HC
Dell’Osso et al. 2018 [21]	BPD: N = 50 (F = 35; M = 15; mean age 33.8 ± 10.0 years) HC: N = 69 (F = 42; M = 27; mean age and 31.4 ± 11.4)	AdAS Spectrum; AQ; MOODS-SR; SCID-5	higher autistic scores in BPD subjects compared to HC higher AdAS Spectrum score in BPD subjects with history of physical or sexual abuse
Chabrol et al. 2018 [92]	N = 474 (F = 379, mean age: 20.7 ± 1.9; M = 95, mean age: 21 ± 2.3)	PDQ-4; AQ; CES-D; 3-item Garrison scale	similar levels of depressive symptoms in High Traits and Borderline Traits groups higher level of suicidal ideation in High Trait compared to Borderline Traits group autistic traits are not sufficient to explain the high levels of suicidal ideation of the High Trait group
Dell’Osso 2021 [27]	BD: N = 58 (F = 21; M = 37; mean age: 35.48 ± 11.24) BPD: N = 48 (F = 33; M = 15; mean age: 34.50 ± 9.67) HC: N = 59 (F = 32; M = 27; mean age: 32.86 ± 11.69)	AdAS Spectrum; RRS; MOODS-SR	autistic traits and rumination more represented in BD and BPD groups than HC BPD and BD scored above the AdAS spectrum threshold for the presence of significant autistic traits pattern of autistic traits was reported to be associated with suicidality