Table 1.
Comparison of demographic characteristics and outcomes between childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients with and without hyperleukocytosis.
| Variables | Total (N = 483) |
Hyperleukocytosis (N = 80) |
No Hyperleukocytosis (N = 403) |
p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic and clinical characteristics, n (%) | ||||
| Age (months), median (IQR) | 54.0 (36.0–97.0) | 91.0 (34.0–137.0) | 52.0 (36.0–86.0) | 0.013 |
| Sex | 0.171 | |||
| Male | 272 (56.3) | 39 (48.8) | 233 (57.8) | |
| Female | 211 (43.7) | 41 (51.2) | 170 (42.2) | |
| Immunophenotype | <0.001 | |||
| T-cell | 63 (13.0) | 25 (31.2) | 38 (9.4) | |
| B-cell | 376 (77.9) | 51 (63.8) | 325 (80.7) | |
| FAB classification | 44 (9.1) | 4 (5.0) | 40 (9.9) | |
| Fever | 360 (74.5) | 62 (77.5) | 298 (73.9) | 0.599 |
| Mediastinal mass | 23 (4.8) | 8 (10.0) | 15 (3.7) | 0.037 |
| Hepatomegaly | 448 (92.8) | 80 (100.0) | 368 (91.3) | 0.012 |
| Splenomegaly | 332 (68.7) | 72 (90.0) | 260 (64.5) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory parameters, mean (SD) | ||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 7.5 (3.5) | 7.0 (2.7) | 7.6 (3.7) | 0.223 |
| Platelet count (×109/L) | 75.5 (92.3) | 38.0 (29.9) | 82.9 (98.5) | <0.001 |
| Blast cells (%) | 50.2 (34.8) | 90.4 (11.5) | 42.2 (32.2) | <0.001 |
| Calcium (mmol/L) | 9.6 (1.1) | 9.3 (0.9) | 9.6 (1.1) | 0.018 |
| Phosphorus (mmol/L) | 4.8 (1.3) | 4.1 (1.5) | 5 (1.3) | <0.001 |
| Uric acid (mmol/L) | 6.1 (3.5) | 7.5 (4.1) | 5.9 (3.3) | <0.001 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L) | 2776.3 (5339.4) | 4971.5 (7105.8) | 2350.3 (4820.7) | <0.001 |
| Treatment-related complications, n (%) | ||||
| Tumor lysis syndrome | 67 (13.9) | 24 (30.0) | 43 (10.7) | <0.001 |
| Seizure | 21 (4.3) | 9 (11.3) | 12 (3.0) | 0.003 |
| Intracranial hemorrhage | 6 (1.2) | 3 (3.8) | 3 (0.7) | 0.056 |
| Acute kidney injury | 27 (5.6) | 9 (11.3) | 18 (4.5) | 0.025 |
| Septic shock | 106 (21.9) | 26 (32.5) | 80 (19.9) | 0.009 |
| DIC | 65 (13.5) | 21 (26.3) | 44 (10.9) | <0.001 |
| ETT intubation | 38 (7.9) | 14 (17.5) | 24 (6.0) | <0.001 |
| ICU admission | 50 (10.4) | 22 (27.5) | 28 (6.9) | <0.001 |
| Treatment outcomes, n (%) | ||||
| Induction of remission | 428 (96.8) | 63 (91.3) | 365 (97.9) | 0.011 |
| Relapse | 162 (33.5) | 31 (38.8) | 131 (32.5) | 0.342 |
| Mortality | 207 (42.9) | 53 (66.3) | 154 (38.2) | <0.001 |
Values are expressed as n (%), mean (SD), or median (IQR). DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy; ETT, endotracheal tube; FAB, French–American–British classification system; ICU, intensive care unit.