Table 2.
Comparison of demographic characteristics and outcomes between childhood acute myeloid leukemia patients with and without hyperleukocytosis.
| Variables | Total (N = 207) |
Hyperleukocytosis (N = 42) |
No Hyperleukocytosis (N = 165) |
p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic and clinical characteristics, n (%) | ||||
| Age (months), median (IQR) | 65.0 (25.5–133.5) | 137.0 (34.0–150.5) | 58.0 (25.0–116.0) | 0.021 |
| Sex | 0.268 | |||
| Male | 125 (60.4) | 29 (69.0) | 96 (58.2) | |
| Female | 82 (39.6) | 13 (31.0) | 69 (41.8) | |
| Fever | 157 (75.8) | 39 (92.9) | 118 (71.5) | 0.007 |
| Hepatomegaly | 165 (79.7) | 37 (88.1) | 128 (77.6) | 0.194 |
| Splenomegaly | 119 (57.5) | 31 (73.8) | 88 (53.3) | 0.026 |
| Lymphadenopathy | 142 (68.6) | 35 (83.3) | 107 (64.8) | 0.034 |
| Laboratory parameters, mean (SD) | ||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 7.3 (2.2) | 7.1 (1.6) | 7.3 (2.3) | 0.585 |
| Platelet count (×109/L) | 64.1 (93.1) | 50.0 (35.3) | 67.7 (102.5) | 0.272 |
| Blast cells (%) | 43.4 (34.7) | 80.5 (24.7) | 33.9 (30.3) | <0.001 |
| Calcium (mmol/L) | 9.3 (0.7) | 9.0 (0.9) | 9.3 (0.7) | 0.021 |
| Phosphorus (mmol/L) | 4.6 (1.2) | 4.1 (1.4) | 4.8 (1.0) | <0.001 |
| Uric acid (mmol/L) | 5.0 (2.1) | 6.0 (2.6) | 4.8 (1.9) | <0.001 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L) | 2035.6 (2210.0) | 2619.7 (2425.5) | 1888.6 (2135.3) | 0.058 |
| Treatment-related complications, n (%) | ||||
| Tumor lysis syndrome | 11 (5.3) | 4 (9.5) | 7 (4.2) | 0.276 |
| Seizure | 8 (3.9) | 1 (2.4) | 7 (4.2) | 1 |
| Intracranial hemorrhage | 2 (1.0) | 2 (4.8) | 0 (0) | 0.037 |
| Acute kidney injury | 14 (6.8) | 2 (4.8) | 12 (7.3) | 1 |
| Septic shock | 59 (28.5) | 11 (26.2) | 48 (29.1) | 1 |
| DIC | 49 (23.7) | 13 (31.0) | 36 (21.8) | 0.219 |
| ETT intubation | 41 (19.8) | 8 (19.0) | 33 (20.0) | 1 |
| ICU admission | 46 (22.2) | 11 (26.2) | 35 (21.2) | 0.504 |
| Treatment outcomes, n (%) | ||||
| Induction of remission | 109 (67.3) | 19 (59.3) | 90 (69.2) | 0.289 |
| Relapse | 63 (30.4) | 12 (28.6) | 51 (30.9) | 0.915 |
| Mortality | 160 (77.3) | 34 (81.0) | 126 (76.4) | 0.669 |
Values are expressed as n (%), mean (SD), or median (IQR). DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy; ETT, endotracheal tube; ICU, intensive care unit.