Comparison of unencapsulated vs. encapsulated TAV255 on CAR-deficient tumor growth and remission. Treatment schedule: PBS, empty liposome (Df), TAV255, and TAV255-Df (n = 10–24) were intratumorally injected every other day. Survivors with full remission were rechallenged by CT26 tumors on day 64. (a) Survival curves (vehicle n = 10, empty liposomes n = 10, unencapsulated adenovirus TAV255 n = 24 and liposomes encapsulated TAV255-Df n = 24) with initial challenge of CT26 tumor on the right flank of the mice and rechallenge of the tumors on the left flank. (b) 33% of the mice had complete remission from the treatment of TAV255, and 58% of the mice had complete remission by TAV255-Df. (c) 8/8 and 13/13 mice from TAV255 and TAV255-Df treatments survived from the rechallenge. Individual tumor curves of vehicle (d), Df (e), TAV255 (f), TAV255-Df (g). p values compare survival curves with a log-rank (Mantel–Cox) test. ns = no significant; # p = 0.1, *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001.