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Outline of AXL-mediated downstream signaling pathways. The majority of reported AXL activation by GAS6 results from the homodimerization of the AXL receptor or heterodimerization of AXL with TYRO3. AXL-stimulated MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling results in cell survival and proliferation. Likewise, AXL-stimulated HIF-1α-EMT triggers therapy resistance. AXL-stimulated Snail/Slug/Twist-EMT, NCK2/ILK, ELMO/DOCK1/RAC, und NEDD9/CRKII/PEAK1 trigger tumor invasion and migration.
