Table 1.
# | * RRIexp | ** RRIlit | Compounds | (Mean ± SE), n = 9 | (Mean ± SE), n = 3 | *** IM | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | |||||
1 | 856 | 859 | (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol | - | - | - | - | - | 0.16 ± 0.06 | - | - | 0.25 ± 0.25 | MS, RI, Std |
2 | 927 | 930 | α-thujene | 0.27 ± 0.16 | 0.71 ± 0.69 | - | - | - | 1.71 ± 1.05 | 1.32 ± 1.22 | - | - | MS, RI |
3 | 933 | 939 | α-pinene | 0.70 ± 0.50 | 1.96 ± 1.84 | 0.30 ± 0.30 | 3.73 ± 2.40 | 0.09 ± 0.05 | 1.99 ± 1.17 | 1.45 ± 1.35 | - | 0.02 ± 0.02 | MS, RI, Std |
4 | 972 | 975 | sabinene | 5.29 ± 3.25 | 5.56 ± 4.54 | 1.92 ± 1.92 | 11.67 ± 4.94 | 4.50 ± 2.25 | 6.49 ± 2.97 | 4.23 ± 0.69 | 0.18 ± 0.10 | 0.20 ± 0.11 | MS, RI, Std |
5 | 980 | 979 | β-pinene | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.43 ± 0.33 | - | - | MS, RI, Std |
6 | 983 | 985 | 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one | - | - | - | - | - | 0.07 ± 0.06 | - | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.12 ± 0.12 | MS, RI, Std |
7 | 1005 | 1002 | (E)-3-hexenyl acetate | - | - | - | - | - | 0.54 ± 0.27 | - | - | 0.03 ± 0.03 | MS, RI |
8 | 1016 | 1013 | (E)-2-hexenyl acetate | - | - | - | - | - | 0.05 ± 0.04 | - | - | 0.02 ± 0.02 | MS, RI |
9 | 1027 | 1029 | limonene | 7.11 ± 2.88 | 3.81 ± 1.24 | 7.94 ± 4.77 | 4.00 ± 1.28 | 4.56 ± 1.72 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.10 | - | 0.02 ± 0.02 | MS, RI, Std |
10 | 1046 | 1050 | (E)-β-ocimene | 0.68 ± 0.48 | 2.00 ± 1.65 | 0.78 ± 0.32 | 0.04 ± 0.04 | 1.54 ± 1.08 | 0.59 ± 0.30 | 5.74 ± 1.14 | 0.03 ± 0.02 | 0.40 ± 0.20 | MS, RI, Std |
11 | 1057 | 1059 | γ-terpinene | 0.85 ± 0.44 | 0.83 ± 0.83 | 0.48 ± 0.48 | 1.46 ± 1.46 | 0.27 ± 0.21 | 0.98 ± 0.54 | 0.50± 0.25 | - | - | MS, RI, Std |
12 | 1071 | 1072 | cis-linalool oxide (cis-furanoid) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.74 ± 0.38 | - | - | MS, RI, Std |
13 | 1086 | 1086 | trans-linalool oxide (trans-furanoid) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3.74 ± 1.90 | - | - | MS, RI, Std |
14 | 1088 | 1088 | terpinolene | - | 0.10 ± 0.10 | - | 0.24 ± 0.24 | - | - | - | - | - | MS, RI, Std |
15 | 1100 | 1096 | linalool | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.72 ± 0.31 | - | - | MS, RI, Std |
16 | 1101 | 1100 | nonanal | 43.52 ± 8.13 | 24.06 ± 8.19 | 29.31 ± 8.17 | 18.65 ± 6.60 | 51.52 ± 8.97 | - | - | - | - | MS, RI, Std |
17 | 1165 | 1174 | cis-linalool oxide (cis-pyranoid) | - | - | - | - | - | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.11 ± 0.10 | - | - | MS, RI |
18 | 1170 | 1176 | trans-linalool oxide (trans-pyranoid) | - | - | - | - | - | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 1.15 ± 0.58 | - | - | MS, RI |
19 | 1194 | 1196 | estragole | 0.10 ± 0.10 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | MS, RI, Std |
20 | 1202 | 1201 | decanal | 6.74 ± 2.27 | 2.83 ± 1.40 | 6.11 ± 2.03 | 2.28 ± 1.00 | 7.76 ± 2.66 | - | - | - | - | MS, RI, Std |
21 | 1255 | 1263 | (E)-2-decanal | 1.58 ± 0.83 | 0.45 ± 0.30 | 0.27 ± 0.20 | 0.48 ± 0.25 | - | - | - | - | - | MS, RI |
22 | 1300 | 1306 | undecanal | 0.30 ± 0.18 | 0.12 ± 0.08 | 0.18 ± 0.10 | 0.12 ± 0.07 | 0.28 ± 0.12 | - | - | - | - | MS, RI |
23 | 1330 | 1338 | δ-elemene | - | - | - | - | - | 0.01 ± 0.00 | - | - | 0.03 ± 0.03 | MS, RI |
24 | 1342 | 1348 | α-cubebene | - | - | - | - | - | 0.16 ± 0.12 | 0.22 ± 0.21 | 0.42 ± 0.02 | 0.08 ± 0.08 | MS, RI |
25 | 1353 | 1360 | (E)-2-undecanal | 0.12 ± 0.09 | 0.09 ± 0.09 | - | 0.06 ± 0.04 | - | - | - | - | - | MS, RI |
26 | 1359 | 1371 | cyclosativene | - | - | - | - | - | 1.15 ± 0.28 | 0.63 ± 0.33 | 1.47 ± 0.09 | 1.00 ± 0.02 | MS, RI, Std |
27 | 1369 | 1375 | α-ylangene | - | - | - | - | - | 0.11 ± 0.07 | 0.18 ± 0.17 | 0.18 ± 0.09 | 0.10 ± 0.03 | MS, RI |
28 | 1367 | 1376 | α-copaene | 1.08 ± 1.05 | 1.73 ± 0.51 | 2.82 ± 0.85 | 1.08 ± 0.26 | 2.23 ± 1.50 | 2.39 ± 0.36 | 2.04 ± 0.26 | 2.86 ± 0.16 | 2.44 ± 0.28 | MS, RI, Std |
29 | 1382 | 1391 | 7-epi-sesquithujene | 0.94 ± 0.62 | 3.69 ± 0.79 | 1.44 ± 0.59 | 2.82 ± 0.52 | 1.90 ± 0.38 | 6.30 ± 0.91 | 6.02 ± 1.06 | 6.45 ± 0.07 | 7.32 ± 1.54 | MS, RI |
30 | 1389 | 1400 | sibirene | - | - | - | - | - | 0.07 ± 0.03 | 0.30 ± 0.29 | - | 0.02 ± 0.02 | MS, RI |
31 | 1390 | 1400 | tetradecane | 3.30 ± 1.35 | 2.16 ± 0.68 | 1.04 ± 0.38 | 1.37 ± 0.67 | 1.85 ± 1.08 | - | - | - | - | MS, RI, Std |
32 | 1392 | 1403 | methyl eugenol | 1.41 ± 1.16 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | MS, RI, Std |
33 | 1394 | 1405 | sesquithujene | - | - | - | - | - | 0.03 ± 0.02 | 0.20 ± 0.10 | 0.05 ± 0.05 | 0.03 ± 0.03 | MS, RI |
34 | 1396 | 1408 | dodecanal | 0.20 ± 0.11 | 0.10 ± 0.05 | 0.16 ± 0.09 | 0.04 ± 0.04 | 0.02 ± 0.02 | - | - | - | - | MS, RI |
35 | 1410 | 1419 | β-caryophyllene | 5.69 ± 3.08 | 8.10 ± 1.83 | 10.34 ± 2.89 | 6.23 ± 1.72 | 5.21 ± 2.12 | 12.60 ± 3.69 | 10.57 ± 0.81 | 13.98 ± 0.61 | 13.32 ± 1.53 | MS, RI, Std |
36 | 1411 | 1420 | β-cedrene | - | - | - | - | - | 1.04 ± 0.29 | 0.52 ± 0.42 | 1.25 ± 0.06 | 0.55 ± 0.32 | MS, RI |
37 | 1423 | 1432 | trans-α-bergamotene | 0.60 ± 0.26 | 1.45 ± 0.39 | 1.13 ± 0.58 | 1.16 ± 0.28 | 0.56 ± 0.25 | 1.75 ± 0.15 | 1.15 ± 0.19 | 2.15 ± 0.06 | 1.58 ± 0.16 | MS, RI |
38 | 1428 | 1441 | aromadendrene | - | - | - | - | - | 0.13 ± 0.12 | 0.09 ± 0.08 | 0.32 ± 0.11 | 0.27 ± 0.14 | MS, RI, Std |
39 | 1431 | 1444 | 6,9-guaiadiene | 0.02 ± 0.02 | 0.04 ± 0.04 | 0.02 ± 0.02 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | - | - | MS, RI |
40 | 1435 | 1450 | cis-muurola 3,5-diene | - | - | - | - | - | 0.11 ± 0.10 | 0.30 ± 0.29 | 0.21 ± 0.06 | 0.20 ± 0.11 | MS, RI |
41 | 1439 | 1454 | α-humulene | - | - | - | - | - | 1.66 ± 0.82 | 0.64 ± 0.54 | 2.19 ± 0.19 | 1.45 ± 0.24 | MS, RI, Std |
42 | 1442 | 1456 | (E)-β-farnesene | - | - | - | - | - | 0.50 ± 0.23 | 0.71 ± 0.33 | 1.43 ± 0.08 | 0.54 ± 0.27 | MS, RI |
43 | 1448 | 1463 | cis-cadina-1(6),4-diene | - | - | - | - | - | 0.07 ± 0.06 | 0 | 0.05 ± 0.04 | 0.07 ± 0.04 | MS, RI |
44 | 1453 | 1466 | α-acoradiene | - | - | - | - | - | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.35 ± 0.34 | 0.03 ± 0.02 | 0.06 ± 0.06 | MS, RI |
45 | 1462 | 1476 | trans-cadina-1(6),4-diene | - | - | - | - | - | 0.64 ± 0.29 | 0.56 ± 0.35 | 1.15 ± 0.06 | 0.55 ± 0.28 | MS, RI |
46 | 1466 | 1479 | γ-muurolene | - | - | - | - | - | 7.36 ± 4.41 | 4.85 ± 1.73 | 4.26 ± 0.68 | 7.70 ± 4.98 | MS, RI |
47 | 1468 | 1480 | ar-curcumene | 10.25 ± 3.18 | 32.51 ± 6.4 | 30.33 ± 6.38 | 38.54 ± 5.22 | 13.27 ± 3.97 | 16.78 ± 8.30 | 26.50 ± 4.07 | 11.64 ± 3.39 | 21.64 ± 5.33 | MS, RI, Std |
48 | 1476 | 1485 | germacrene D | - | - | - | - | - | 0.05 ± 0.04 | - | - | - | MS, RI |
49 | 1483 | 1493 | α-zingiberene | 0.24 ± 0.12 | 2.03 ± 0.77 | 1.50 ± 0.79 | 1.72 ± 0.49 | 1.34 ± 0.40 | 27.65 ± 4.89 | 16.50 ± 0.74 | 39.62 ± 1.43 | 33.73 ± 7.23 | MS, RI |
50 | 1486 | 1500 | pentadecane | 0.82 ± 0.45 | 1.03 ± 0.48 | 0.21 ± 0.12 | 0.37 ± 0.19 | 0.48 ± 0.32 | - | - | - | - | MS, RI, Std |
51 | 1489 | 1500 | α-muurolene | - | - | - | - | - | 0.86 ± 0.27 | 0.66 ± 0.36 | 1.01 ± 0.14 | 1.24 ± 0.06 | MS, RI |
52 | 1493 | 1505 | (E,E)-α-farnesene | - | - | - | - | - | 0.56 ± 0.10 | 0.99 ± 0.43 | 0.84 ± 0.02 | 0.60 ± 0.09 | MS, RI, Std |
53 | 1500 | 1515 | β-curcumene | - | - | - | - | - | 0.78 ± 0.31 | 0.37 ± 0.27 | 0.92 ± 0.10 | 0.21 ± 0.03 | MS, RI |
54 | 1507 | 1522 | β-sesquiphellandrene | - | - | - | - | - | 3.46 ± 0.97 | 2.02 ± 0.15 | 5.94 ± 0.04 | 3.13 ± 0.56 | MS, RI |
55 | 1509 | 1523 | δ-cadinene | 0.11 ± 0.07 | 1.12 ± 0.39 | 0.63 ± 0.35 | 2.03 ± 0.45 | 0.17 ± 0.10 | 0.10 ± 0.00 | 0.10 ± 0.00 | 0.71 ± 0.05 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | MS, RI |
56 | 1547 | 1561 | germacrene B | - | - | - | - | - | 0.07 ± 0.06 | 0.34 ± 0.24 | 0.12 ± 0.07 | 0.13 ± 0.07 | MS, RI |
57 | 1586 | 1600 | hexadecane | 2.21 ± 1.06 | 1.48 ± 0.71 | 0.88 ± 0.36 | 0.99 ± 0.52 | 1.29 ± 0.86 | - | - | - | - | MS, RI, Std |
58 | 1699 | 1700 | heptadecane | 5.38 ± 4.08 | 1.22 ± 0.81 | 0.85 ± 0.55 | 0.64 ± 0.37 | 0.89 ± 0.58 | - | - | - | - | MS, RI, Std |
Total % | 99.51 ± 0.18 | 99.18± 0.32 | 98.64 ± 0.64 | 99.73 ± 0.11 | 99.73 ± 0.14 | 99.06 ± 0.91 | 98.05 ± 0.52 | 99.47 ± 0.23 | 99.08 ± 0.43 |
* RIexp: Retention indices (RI) calculated from the current study. ** RRlit: Retention indices (RI) obtained from literature source [Adams Library, 2007]. *** IM: Identification method based on mass spectra (MS); Retention indices (RI) and authentic compounds (Std) on the DB-5 column. -: Not detected. Initial infestation (A1), intermediate infestation (A2), heavy infestation (A3), overexploitation (A4), and healthy, uninfested plant (A5). Floral buds (B1), open flowers (B2), leaf buds (B3), and new leaf shoots (B4).