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. 2023 Jun 2;13(6):933. doi: 10.3390/biom13060933

Table 1.

Percent (%) composition of volatile emissions from potted (infested) lychee plants and from field-collected (non-infested) lychee tissues (A1–A5; B1–B4).

# * RRIexp ** RRIlit Compounds (Mean ± SE), n = 9 (Mean ± SE), n = 3 *** IM
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4
1 856 859 (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol - - - - - 0.16 ± 0.06 - - 0.25 ± 0.25 MS, RI, Std
2 927 930 α-thujene 0.27 ± 0.16 0.71 ± 0.69 - - - 1.71 ± 1.05 1.32 ± 1.22 - - MS, RI
3 933 939 α-pinene 0.70 ± 0.50 1.96 ± 1.84 0.30 ± 0.30 3.73 ± 2.40 0.09 ± 0.05 1.99 ± 1.17 1.45 ± 1.35 - 0.02 ± 0.02 MS, RI, Std
4 972 975 sabinene 5.29 ± 3.25 5.56 ± 4.54 1.92 ± 1.92 11.67 ± 4.94 4.50 ± 2.25 6.49 ± 2.97 4.23 ± 0.69 0.18 ± 0.10 0.20 ± 0.11 MS, RI, Std
5 980 979 β-pinene - - - - - - 0.43 ± 0.33 - - MS, RI, Std
6 983 985 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one - - - - - 0.07 ± 0.06 - 0.01 ± 0.01 0.12 ± 0.12 MS, RI, Std
7 1005 1002 (E)-3-hexenyl acetate - - - - - 0.54 ± 0.27 - - 0.03 ± 0.03 MS, RI
8 1016 1013 (E)-2-hexenyl acetate - - - - - 0.05 ± 0.04 - - 0.02 ± 0.02 MS, RI
9 1027 1029 limonene 7.11 ± 2.88 3.81 ± 1.24 7.94 ± 4.77 4.00 ± 1.28 4.56 ± 1.72 0.02 ± 0.01 0.11 ± 0.10 - 0.02 ± 0.02 MS, RI, Std
10 1046 1050 (E)-β-ocimene 0.68 ± 0.48 2.00 ± 1.65 0.78 ± 0.32 0.04 ± 0.04 1.54 ± 1.08 0.59 ± 0.30 5.74 ± 1.14 0.03 ± 0.02 0.40 ± 0.20 MS, RI, Std
11 1057 1059 γ-terpinene 0.85 ± 0.44 0.83 ± 0.83 0.48 ± 0.48 1.46 ± 1.46 0.27 ± 0.21 0.98 ± 0.54 0.50± 0.25 - - MS, RI, Std
12 1071 1072 cis-linalool oxide (cis-furanoid) - - - - - - 0.74 ± 0.38 - - MS, RI, Std
13 1086 1086 trans-linalool oxide (trans-furanoid) - - - - - - 3.74 ± 1.90 - - MS, RI, Std
14 1088 1088 terpinolene - 0.10 ± 0.10 - 0.24 ± 0.24 - - - - - MS, RI, Std
15 1100 1096 linalool - - - - - - 1.72 ± 0.31 - - MS, RI, Std
16 1101 1100 nonanal 43.52 ± 8.13 24.06 ± 8.19 29.31 ± 8.17 18.65 ± 6.60 51.52 ± 8.97 - - - - MS, RI, Std
17 1165 1174 cis-linalool oxide (cis-pyranoid) - - - - - 0.01 ± 0.00 0.11 ± 0.10 - - MS, RI
18 1170 1176 trans-linalool oxide (trans-pyranoid) - - - - - 0.01 ± 0.00 1.15 ± 0.58 - - MS, RI
19 1194 1196 estragole 0.10 ± 0.10 - - - - - - - - MS, RI, Std
20 1202 1201 decanal 6.74 ± 2.27 2.83 ± 1.40 6.11 ± 2.03 2.28 ± 1.00 7.76 ± 2.66 - - - - MS, RI, Std
21 1255 1263 (E)-2-decanal 1.58 ± 0.83 0.45 ± 0.30 0.27 ± 0.20 0.48 ± 0.25 - - - - - MS, RI
22 1300 1306 undecanal 0.30 ± 0.18 0.12 ± 0.08 0.18 ± 0.10 0.12 ± 0.07 0.28 ± 0.12 - - - - MS, RI
23 1330 1338 δ-elemene - - - - - 0.01 ± 0.00 - - 0.03 ± 0.03 MS, RI
24 1342 1348 α-cubebene - - - - - 0.16 ± 0.12 0.22 ± 0.21 0.42 ± 0.02 0.08 ± 0.08 MS, RI
25 1353 1360 (E)-2-undecanal 0.12 ± 0.09 0.09 ± 0.09 - 0.06 ± 0.04 - - - - - MS, RI
26 1359 1371 cyclosativene - - - - - 1.15 ± 0.28 0.63 ± 0.33 1.47 ± 0.09 1.00 ± 0.02 MS, RI, Std
27 1369 1375 α-ylangene - - - - - 0.11 ± 0.07 0.18 ± 0.17 0.18 ± 0.09 0.10 ± 0.03 MS, RI
28 1367 1376 α-copaene 1.08 ± 1.05 1.73 ± 0.51 2.82 ± 0.85 1.08 ± 0.26 2.23 ± 1.50 2.39 ± 0.36 2.04 ± 0.26 2.86 ± 0.16 2.44 ± 0.28 MS, RI, Std
29 1382 1391 7-epi-sesquithujene 0.94 ± 0.62 3.69 ± 0.79 1.44 ± 0.59 2.82 ± 0.52 1.90 ± 0.38 6.30 ± 0.91 6.02 ± 1.06 6.45 ± 0.07 7.32 ± 1.54 MS, RI
30 1389 1400 sibirene - - - - - 0.07 ± 0.03 0.30 ± 0.29 - 0.02 ± 0.02 MS, RI
31 1390 1400 tetradecane 3.30 ± 1.35 2.16 ± 0.68 1.04 ± 0.38 1.37 ± 0.67 1.85 ± 1.08 - - - - MS, RI, Std
32 1392 1403 methyl eugenol 1.41 ± 1.16 - - - - - - - - MS, RI, Std
33 1394 1405 sesquithujene - - - - - 0.03 ± 0.02 0.20 ± 0.10 0.05 ± 0.05 0.03 ± 0.03 MS, RI
34 1396 1408 dodecanal 0.20 ± 0.11 0.10 ± 0.05 0.16 ± 0.09 0.04 ± 0.04 0.02 ± 0.02 - - - - MS, RI
35 1410 1419 β-caryophyllene 5.69 ± 3.08 8.10 ± 1.83 10.34 ± 2.89 6.23 ± 1.72 5.21 ± 2.12 12.60 ± 3.69 10.57 ± 0.81 13.98 ± 0.61 13.32 ± 1.53 MS, RI, Std
36 1411 1420 β-cedrene - - - - - 1.04 ± 0.29 0.52 ± 0.42 1.25 ± 0.06 0.55 ± 0.32 MS, RI
37 1423 1432 trans-α-bergamotene 0.60 ± 0.26 1.45 ± 0.39 1.13 ± 0.58 1.16 ± 0.28 0.56 ± 0.25 1.75 ± 0.15 1.15 ± 0.19 2.15 ± 0.06 1.58 ± 0.16 MS, RI
38 1428 1441 aromadendrene - - - - - 0.13 ± 0.12 0.09 ± 0.08 0.32 ± 0.11 0.27 ± 0.14 MS, RI, Std
39 1431 1444 6,9-guaiadiene 0.02 ± 0.02 0.04 ± 0.04 0.02 ± 0.02 0.01 ± 0.01 - - - - - MS, RI
40 1435 1450 cis-muurola 3,5-diene - - - - - 0.11 ± 0.10 0.30 ± 0.29 0.21 ± 0.06 0.20 ± 0.11 MS, RI
41 1439 1454 α-humulene - - - - - 1.66 ± 0.82 0.64 ± 0.54 2.19 ± 0.19 1.45 ± 0.24 MS, RI, Std
42 1442 1456 (E)-β-farnesene - - - - - 0.50 ± 0.23 0.71 ± 0.33 1.43 ± 0.08 0.54 ± 0.27 MS, RI
43 1448 1463 cis-cadina-1(6),4-diene - - - - - 0.07 ± 0.06 0 0.05 ± 0.04 0.07 ± 0.04 MS, RI
44 1453 1466 α-acoradiene - - - - - 0.05 ± 0.02 0.35 ± 0.34 0.03 ± 0.02 0.06 ± 0.06 MS, RI
45 1462 1476 trans-cadina-1(6),4-diene - - - - - 0.64 ± 0.29 0.56 ± 0.35 1.15 ± 0.06 0.55 ± 0.28 MS, RI
46 1466 1479 γ-muurolene - - - - - 7.36 ± 4.41 4.85 ± 1.73 4.26 ± 0.68 7.70 ± 4.98 MS, RI
47 1468 1480 ar-curcumene 10.25 ± 3.18 32.51 ± 6.4 30.33 ± 6.38 38.54 ± 5.22 13.27 ± 3.97 16.78 ± 8.30 26.50 ± 4.07 11.64 ± 3.39 21.64 ± 5.33 MS, RI, Std
48 1476 1485 germacrene D - - - - - 0.05 ± 0.04 - - - MS, RI
49 1483 1493 α-zingiberene 0.24 ± 0.12 2.03 ± 0.77 1.50 ± 0.79 1.72 ± 0.49 1.34 ± 0.40 27.65 ± 4.89 16.50 ± 0.74 39.62 ± 1.43 33.73 ± 7.23 MS, RI
50 1486 1500 pentadecane 0.82 ± 0.45 1.03 ± 0.48 0.21 ± 0.12 0.37 ± 0.19 0.48 ± 0.32 - - - - MS, RI, Std
51 1489 1500 α-muurolene - - - - - 0.86 ± 0.27 0.66 ± 0.36 1.01 ± 0.14 1.24 ± 0.06 MS, RI
52 1493 1505 (E,E)-α-farnesene - - - - - 0.56 ± 0.10 0.99 ± 0.43 0.84 ± 0.02 0.60 ± 0.09 MS, RI, Std
53 1500 1515 β-curcumene - - - - - 0.78 ± 0.31 0.37 ± 0.27 0.92 ± 0.10 0.21 ± 0.03 MS, RI
54 1507 1522 β-sesquiphellandrene - - - - - 3.46 ± 0.97 2.02 ± 0.15 5.94 ± 0.04 3.13 ± 0.56 MS, RI
55 1509 1523 δ-cadinene 0.11 ± 0.07 1.12 ± 0.39 0.63 ± 0.35 2.03 ± 0.45 0.17 ± 0.10 0.10 ± 0.00 0.10 ± 0.00 0.71 ± 0.05 0.03 ± 0.01 MS, RI
56 1547 1561 germacrene B - - - - - 0.07 ± 0.06 0.34 ± 0.24 0.12 ± 0.07 0.13 ± 0.07 MS, RI
57 1586 1600 hexadecane 2.21 ± 1.06 1.48 ± 0.71 0.88 ± 0.36 0.99 ± 0.52 1.29 ± 0.86 - - - - MS, RI, Std
58 1699 1700 heptadecane 5.38 ± 4.08 1.22 ± 0.81 0.85 ± 0.55 0.64 ± 0.37 0.89 ± 0.58 - - - - MS, RI, Std
Total % 99.51 ± 0.18 99.18± 0.32 98.64 ± 0.64 99.73 ± 0.11 99.73 ± 0.14 99.06 ± 0.91 98.05 ± 0.52 99.47 ± 0.23 99.08 ± 0.43

* RIexp: Retention indices (RI) calculated from the current study. ** RRlit: Retention indices (RI) obtained from literature source [Adams Library, 2007]. *** IM: Identification method based on mass spectra (MS); Retention indices (RI) and authentic compounds (Std) on the DB-5 column. -: Not detected. Initial infestation (A1), intermediate infestation (A2), heavy infestation (A3), overexploitation (A4), and healthy, uninfested plant (A5). Floral buds (B1), open flowers (B2), leaf buds (B3), and new leaf shoots (B4).