Table 3.
Comparison of clinical and radiologic variables between the groups “malignant tumors” and “benign tumors”.
| Factor | Benign | Malignant | Total | Fisher Test | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | Female | 17 (29.3%) | 2 (40%) | 19 (30.2%) | p = 0.63 |
| Male | 41 (70.7%) | 3 (60%) | 44 (69.8%) | ||
| Predisposition | Yes No |
0 (0%) 58 (100%) |
3 (60%) 2 (40%) |
3 (4.8%) 60 (95.2%) |
p < 0.001 |
| Age at diagnosis | ≤10 y.o. >10 y.o. |
52 (89.7%) 6 (10.3%) |
0 (0%) 5 (100%) |
52 (82.5%) 11 (17.5%) |
p < 0.001 |
| Location | Upper extremity | 13 (22.4%) | 0 (0%) | 13 (20.6%) | p = 0.26 |
| Lower extremity | 17 (29.3%) | 3 (60%) | 20 (31.7%) | ||
| Trunk | 23 (39.7%) | 1 (20%) | 24 (38.1%) | ||
| Head and neck | 3 (5.2%) | 1 (20%) | 4 (6.3%) | ||
| Other | 2 (3.4%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (3.2%) | ||
| Pain | Yes | 7 (12.7%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (11.7%) | p = 1 |
| No | 48 (87.3%) | 5 (100%) | 53 (88.3%) | ||
| NA | 3 | 0 | 3 | ||
| Skin changes | No | 46 (83.6%) | 4 (80%) | 50 (83.3%) | p = 1 |
| Yes | 9 (16.4%) | 1 (20%) | 10 (16.7%) | ||
| NA | 3 | 0 | 3 | ||
| Depth | Supra-aponeurotic | 27 (46.6%) | 1 (20%) | 28 (44.4%) | p = 0.5 |
| Sub-aponeurotic | 31 (53.4%) | 4 (80%) | 35 (55.6%) | ||
| Shape | Ovoid or round | 35 (60.3%) | 2 (40%) | 37 (58.7%) | p = 0.53 |
| Polylobed | 19 (32.8%) | 3 (60%) | 22 (34.9%) | ||
| Diffuse | 4 (6.9%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (6.3%) | ||
| Margins | Well-defined | 43 (74.1%) | 3 (60%) | 46 (73%) | p = 0.65 |
| Ill-defined | 13 (22.4%) | 2 (40%) | 15 (23.8%) | ||
| ND | 2 (3.4%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (3.2%) | ||
| Echostructure | Homogeneous | 10 (27%) | 0 (0%) | 10 (25%) | p = 0.56 |
| Heterogeneous | 27 (73%) | 3 (100%) | 30 (75%) | ||
| NA | 21 | 2 | 23 | ||
| Echogenicity | Iso-echoic | 1 (2.7%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (2.5%) | p = 0.41 |
| Hyper-echoic | 20 (54.1%) | 3 (100%) | 23 (57.5%) | ||
| Hypo-echoic | 2 (5.4%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (5%) | ||
| Mixt hyper and hypo-echoic | 14 (37.8%) | 0 (0%) | 14 (35%) | ||
| NA | 21 | 2 | 23 | ||
| Percentage of fat | 0% | 0 (0%) | 2 (50%) | 2 (3.2%) | p < 0.001 |
| <25% | 10 (17.2%) | 2 (50%) | 12 (19.4%) | ||
| 25–75% | 8 (13.8%) | 0 (0%) | 8 (12.9%) | ||
| >75% | 40 (69%) | 0 (0%) | 40 (64.5%) | ||
| NA | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Non-fatty components | None | 5 (8.8%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (8.2%) | p = 0.38 |
| Thin septa < 1 mm | 17 (29.8%) | 0 (0%) | 17 (27.9%) | ||
| Thick septa 1–5 mm | 10 (17.5%) | 0 (0%) | 10 (16.4%) | ||
| Nodules | 7 (12.3%) | 1 (25%) | 8 (13.1%) | ||
| Patches | 18 (31.6%) | 3 (75%) | 21 (34.4%) | ||
| NA | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||
| NFC: T1-weighted signal | Isosignal | 22 (45.8%) | 3 (75%) | 25 (48.1%) | p = 0.68 |
| Hyposignal | 23 (47.9%) | 1 (25%) | 24 (46.2%) | ||
| Hypersignal | 3 (6.2%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (5.8%) | ||
| NA | 10 | 1 | 11 | ||
| NFC: T2-weighted signal | Iso T2 | 2 (4.3%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (3.9%) | p = 0.001 |
| Hyposignal | 23 (48.9%) | 0 (0%) | 23 (45.1%) | ||
| Hypersignal | 5 (10.6%) | 4 (100%) | 9 (17.6%) | ||
| Intermediate signal | 17 (36.2%) | 0 (0%) | 17 (33.3%) | ||
| NA | 11 | 1 | 12 | ||
| Enhancement | Yes | 37 (72.5%) | 4 (100%) | 41 (74.5%) | p = 0.56 |
| No | 14 (27.5%) | 0 (0%) | 14 (25.5%) | ||
| NA | 7 | 1 | 8 | ||
| Cystic zones | Yes | 2 (3.6%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (3.4%) | p = 1 |
| No | 54 (96.4%) | 3 (100%) | 57 (96.6%) | ||
| NA | 2 | 2 | 4 | ||
| Myxoid zones | No | 50 (94.3%) | 0 (0%) | 50 (87.7%) | p < 0.001 |
| Yes | 3 (5.7%) | 4 (100%) | 7 (12.3%) | ||
| NA | 5 | 1 | 6 | ||
| Neurovascular encasement | Yes | 9 (16.1%) | 1 (25%) | 10 (16.7%) | p = 0.53 |
| No | 47 (83.9%) | 3 (75%) | 50 (83.3%) | ||
| NA | 2 | 1 | 3 |
p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. NA: not available (missing data).