. 2023 Jun 22;103:6485. doi: 10.2340/actadv.v103.6485

Table III.

Levels of perceived stigmatization (Perceived Stigmatization Questionnaire (PSQ) total score) in patients with skin conditions compared with skin healthy-controls (Total n=6878) in a multiple regression analysis including and excluding confounding variables

Variables	Standardized regression coefficients (β)
Variables	Block 1	Block 2	Block 3
Dermatological diagnosis^a
Psoriasis	0.23^***	0.15^***	0.13^***
Non-melanoma skin cancer	–0.05^***	–0.04^**	–0.02^*
Atopic dermatitis	0.11^***	0.04^***	0.03^*
Eczema (other than AD)	0.03^*	–0.00	–0.00
Infections	0.02	–0.01	–0.01
Acne	0.03^**	–0.00	–0.02^*
Naevi	–0.01	–0.02^*	–0.02
Benign tumours	0.01	–0.00	–0.00
Connective tissue disease	0.01	–0.02	–0.02
Urticaria	0.02	–0.00	–0.02
Bullous disorders	0.07^***	0.05^***	0.04^***
Hidradenitis suppurativa	0.07^***	0.03^*	0.01
Prurigo	0.03^*	0.01	0.00
Scaly conditions	0.01	–0.01	–0.02
Allergies/hypersensitivity	–0.00	–0.02	–0.04^**
Pruritus	0.02^*	–0.00	–0.00
Metabolic/systemic disease	0.01	–0.02	–0.02
Malignant melanoma	–0.01	–0.01	–0.01
Rosacea	–0.00	–0.01	–0.02
Alopecia areata	0.07^***	0.05^***	0.04^**
Venous insufficiency	0.03^*	0.01	0.01
Hand eczema	0.01	0.00	–0.00
Alopecias, other	0.04^**	0.03^*	0.02^*
Seborrhoeic dermatitis	0.01	0.01	0.00
Skin malformations	–0.00	–0.01	–0.00
Vitiligo	0.04^**	0.02^*	0.02
Hyperhidrosis	0.02^*	0.00	–0.01
Psychodermatological conditions	0.03^*	0.01	0.01
Others	–0.00	–0.01	–0.01
Potential confounding variables
Age		–0.12^***	–0.07^***
Sex^b		–0.03^*	–0.07^***
Educational level: moderate^c		0.03^*	0.04^**
Educational level: high^c		–0.00	0.02
Marital status^d		–0.05^***	–0.05^***
Current health state		–0.29^***	–0.15^***
Perceived stress			0.29^***
Screened depression			0.06^***
Screened anxiety			0.01
F-change	17.60^***	116.26^***	233.24^***
R²	0.07	0.16	0.23

Block 1 includes dummy variables of individual patient diagnoses with skin-healthy controls as the reference group; statistically significant positive Beta values show that the patient group has significantly higher perceived stigmatization scores than skin-healthy controls and negative Beta values show that the patient group has significantly lower perceived stigmatization scores than skin-healthy controls. Block 2 takes the influence of potential sociodemographic and health-related variables into account, and Block 3 additionally includes psychological confounding variables.

Reference group=skin-healthy controls;

reference group=male;

reference group=low education;

reference group=being single.

AD: atopic dermatitis.

^***

p < 0.001

^**

p < 0.01

p < 0.05.