Table 4.
Overview of reviewed studies (in alphabetical order) on attachment-related differences in emotion regulation measured by responses of peripheral physiology (ANS) (n = 11).
| Author/s (Year) | Country | Sample Size |
Population | Gender | Attachment Measures | Measurement of ANS Response |
Type of Stressor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ablow et al. [106] (2013) | USA | 53 | Healthy | Female | AAI | HR, SCL, HRV (peak-valley) |
Infant crying |
| Balint et al. [107] (2016) | Germany | 50 | Clinical | Mixed | AAP | HR, BP | Pictures of AAP |
| Beijersbergen et al. [108] (2008) | Netherlands | 152 | Healthy | Mixed | AAI | HR, SCL, HRV (RMSSD) |
Questions of AAI; conflict task |
| Dias et al. [109] (2011) | Portugal | 47 | Clinical | Female | AAI | HR, SCL, HRV (LF/HF ratio) |
Questions of AAI |
| Dozier and Kobak [110] (1992) | USA | 50 | Healthy | Mixed | AAI | SCL | Questions of AAI |
| Gander et al. [37] (2022) | Germany, Austria | 56 | Healthy | Mixed | AAP | HR, HRV (RMSSD) | Pictures of AAP |
| Holland and Roisman [111] (2010) | USA | 230 | Healthy | Mixed | AAI | SCL | Couple conflict resolution task |
| Reijman et al. [112] (2017) | Netherlands | 73 | Healthy, clinical | Female | AAI | SCL, HRV (RMSSD) | “Comfort paradigm” video clip |
| Roisman [113] (2007) | USA | 160 | Healthy | Mixed | AAI | HR, SCL, HRV (HF-HRV) |
Couple conflict resolution task |
| * Roisman et al. [114] (2004) | USA | 60 | Healthy | Mixed | AAI | HR, SCL | Questions of AAI |
| Zingaretti et al. [115] (2020) | Italy | 59 | Healthy | Mixed | AAI | HRV (RMSSD) | Questions of AAI |
Legend—AAI (Adult Attachment Interview); AAP (Adult Attachment Projective Picture System); BP (blood pressure); HF (high frequencies); HR (heart rate); HRV (heart rate variability); LF/HF ratio (low/high-frequency ratio); RMSSD (root mean square of successive beat-to-beat interval differences); SCL (skin conductance level). * This study measured the emotion regulation response in both peripheral physiology (ANS) and nonverbal behavior (facial expressions).