LNP-ASL CDS2 mRNA is highly expressed in wild-type mice and shows low cytokine/chemokine profile. (a) Western blot detection of ASL protein expression in mouse liver sample 24 h post-dosing (N = 3). Human heat shock protein 90 kDa alpha (HSP90) was used as a loading control and the same volume of PBS was applied instead of LNP-mRNA as a negative control; (b) the LNP-mRNA with the highest expression by Western blot was assessed by mass spectrometry for human ASL protein (N = 4). PBS-treated samples were analyzed as a control and endogenous human level of expression is plotted as a dotted line for reference; (c) Low cytokine induction post-mRNA-LNP administration in mice (N = 4/group). Induction of IP-10, MIP-1β, MCP-1, IL-6, and TNF-α 6 h post-dosing of 0.3, 1, or 3 mg/kg mRNA-LNP is shown. Control levels of cytokines in PBS-treated animals are represented by the green bars. Data show mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM).