Table 2.
Summary of main characteristics of suicide victims and brain samples of the studies included.
| First Author | Diagnostic | N | Mean Age | Range Age | M | F | RIN | pH | PMI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hiroi N 2001 [11] | - | 9 | 3.8 | 17–72 | 3 | 6 | - | - | - |
| Dwivedi Y 2001 [12] | DD | 11 | 36.2 | 21–53 | 5 | 6 | - | - | 17.8 |
| Dwivedi Y 2003 [13] | Psychiatric | 27 | 41 | 21–87 | 19 | 8 | - | 6.1 | 19.2 |
| Sibille E 2004 [14] | DD | 19 | 44.6 | - | 14 | 5 | - | - | 16.5 |
| Sherrin T 2004 [15] | Psychiatric | 10 | 37.2 | 16–54 | 9 | 1 | - | - | 16.6 |
| Choudary PV 2005 [16] | DD | 9 | - | - | 7 | 2 | - | - | - |
| BD | 6 | - | - | 5 | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Yanagi M 2005 [17] | Psychiatric | 14 | 43.9 | 26–65 | 5 | 9 | - | - | 18.2 |
| De Luca V 2006 [18] | SCHZ, BD | 23 | 42.6 | - | 11 | 12 | - | 6.47 | 38.5 |
| Sequeira A 2006 [19] | With DD | 16 | 34 | 18–53 | 16 | 0 | - | 6.49 | 22.34 |
| Without DD | 8 | 35.12 | 21–51 | 8 | 0 | - | 6.3 | 24.25 | |
| Sequeira A 2007 [20] | Without DD | 8 | 35.1 | 21–51 | 8 | 0 | - | 6.3 | 24.3 |
| With DD | 18 | 36.5 | 19–53 | 18 | 0 | - | 6.5 | 24.1 | |
| Kim S 2007 [21] | BD | 22 | 44.3 | - | 11 | 11 | - | 6.4 | 36.8 |
| SCHZ | 10 | 34.5 | - | 6 | 4 | - | 6.4 | 35.3 | |
| Tochigi M 2008 [22] | DP | 11 | 46 | - | 6 | 5 | - | - | 27 |
| BD | 11 | 39 | - | 8 | 3 | - | - | 32 | |
| SCHZ | 13 | 44 | - | 8 | 5 | - | - | 33 | |
| Thalmeier A 2008 [23] | Psychiatric | 11 | 55.4 | 33–81 | 8 | 3 | - | 6.72 | 59.7 |
| Feldcamp LA 2008 [24] | SCHZ | 6 | 36.5 | - | 3 | 3 | - | 6.6 | 36.8 |
| BD | 16 | 45.1 | - | 8 | 8 | - | 6.4 | 39.34 | |
| Garbett K 2008 [25] | SCHZ | 6 | 38 | 25–50 | 3 | 3 | - | 6.9 | 19.4 |
| McGowan PO 2009 [26] | With CA | 12 | 34.2 | 12 | 0 | 6.3 | 24.6 | ||
| Without CA | 12 | 22.8 | 12 | 0 | 6.5 | 39.0 | |||
| Ernst C 2009 [27] | Psychiatric | 28 | 39 | 18–72 | 28 | 0 | - | 6.5 | 26 |
| Pandey GN 2009 [28] | Psychiatric | 29 | 16.17 | 13–20 | 17 | 12 | - | 6.17 | 18.41 |
| Psychiatric | 27 | 42.7 | 22–87 | 17 | 10 | - | 6.12 | 19.52 | |
| Klempan TA 2009 [29] | DD | 16 | 36.5 | 18–53 | 16 | 0 | >6 | - | 24.6 |
| Sequeira A 2009 [30] | Psychiatric | 10 | 34 | 21–51 | 10 | 0 | 7.14 | 6.32 | 29 |
| DD | 16 | 37 | 18–53 | 16 | 0 | 7.14 | 6.55 | 25 | |
| Lalovic A 2010 [31] | With DD | 15 | 34.5 | 19–53 | 15 | 0 | 6.5 | 6.6 | 25 |
| Without DD | 7 | 32.4 | 21–51 | 7 | 0 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 25.9 | |
| Perroud N 2010 [32] | Psychiatric | 39 | 47.36 | 15–94 | 26 | 13 | - | 6.84 | 37.38 |
| Simmons M 2010 [33] | DD, BD, SCHZ | 15 | - | - | 9 | 6 | - | 6.2 | 31.2 |
| Keller S 2010 [34] | Psychiatric | 44 | - | 15–79 | 21 | 23 | - | - | - |
| Keller S 2011 [35] | Psychiatric | 19 | - | 14–59 | 10 | 9 | - | 6.6 | <24 |
| Choi K 2011 [36] | Psychiatric | 45 | 41.7 | - | 25 | 20 | >7 | 6.5 | 32.9 |
| Fiori LM 2011 [37] | DD, BD | 29 | 39.8 | - | 29 | 0 | - | 6.6 | 27 |
| Zhurov V 2012 [38] | DD | 10 | 52.5 | - | 10 | 0 | 7.4 | 6.63 | 5.3 |
| Smalheiser NR 2012 [39] | DD | 18 | 40 | 19–65 | 16 | 2 | 8.98 | 6.5 | 10.7 |
| Sequeira A 2012 [40] | DD, BD | 15 | 44 | 24–77 | 12 | 3 | 7.8 | 6.82 | 24.64 |
| DD, BD | 9 | 43.3 | 34–56 | 6 | 3 | 8.03 | 6.91 | 23.52 | |
| DD, BD | 13 | 42.72 | 29–58 | 10 | 3 | 8.1 | 6.8 | 24.03 | |
| Labonté B 2013 [41] | Psychiatric | 13 | 30.9 | - | 13 | 0 | 6.23 | 6.6 | 23.2 |
| Galfalvy H 2013 [42] | DD | 18 | 55.8 | - | 8 | 10 | >7 | - | - |
| Ren X 2013 [43] | Psychiatric | 24 | 15.92 | 12–20 | 14 | 10 | 7.2 | 6.21 | 19 |
| Pérez-Ortiz JM 2013 [44] | Psychiatric | 13 | 40 | 18–66 | 13 | 0 | 6.15 | - | 17 |
| Pandey GN 2013 [45] | Psychiatric | 24 | 15.92 | 12–20 | 14 | 10 | 7.15 | 6.21 | 19 |
| Gross JA 2013 [46] | SCHZ, DD, BD | 34 | 38.6 | - | 34 | 0 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 33.9 |
| Lopez JP 2014 [47] | DD | 15 | 37.9 | - | 15 | 0 | 6.4 | 6.6 | 29.3 |
| Di Narzo AF 2014 [48] | Psychiatric | 22 | 32.18 | 16–47 | 16 | 6 | 7.64 | 6.8 | 24 |
| DD | 10 | 47.7 | 26–72 | 2 | 8 | 8.13 | 6.61 | 16.1 | |
| Du L 2014 [49] | DD | 49 | 48.91 | - | 35 | 14 | - | 6.57 | 4.9 |
| Monsalve EM 2014 [50] | Psychiatric | 13 | 40 | 18–66 | 13 | 0 | 6.15 | - | 17 |
| Gray AL 2015 [51] | DD | 34 | 41.1 | 16–83 | 16 | 18 | 8.36 | 6.3 | 34.6 |
| Fuchsova B 2015 [52] | DD | 25 | 41.92 | 22–74 | 12 | 13 | 6.6 | 7 | 20.16 |
| Zhao J 2015 [53] | DD | 17 | 40 | 24–63 | 10 | 7 | - | 6.67 | 29.6 |
| Yin H 2016 [54] | DD | 21 | 52.1 | - | 13 | 8 | - | - | - |
| Pandey GN 2016 [55] | DD | 24 | 38.96 | 18–74 | 14 | 10 | >6.6 | 6.96 | 18.92 |
| SCHZ | 16 | 36.31 | 20–54 | 13 | 3 | >6.6 | 6.68 | 16.69 | |
| Psychiatric | 12 | 40.08 | 19–87 | 11 | 1 | >6.6 | 6.67 | 22.58 | |
| Nagy C 2017 [56] | DD | 22 | 39.7 | - | 22 | 0 | 6.7 | 17.5 | |
| Pantazatos SP 2017 [57] | DD | 21 | 52 | - | 13 | 8 | 6.6 | 6.4 | 16.1 |
| García-Gutiérrez MS 2018 [58] | Psychiatric | 18 | 43 | 18–78 | 18 | 0 | 6.26 | - | 17 |
| Kouter K 2019 [59] | Psychiatric | 9 | 50.56 | - | 9 | 0 | - | - | 21.33 |
| Cabrera B 2019 [60] | With SUD | 23 | 31.95 | - | 21 | 2 | >7 | - | 14.91 |
| Without SUD | 20 | 32.8 | - | 12 | 8 | >7 | - | 15.03 | |
| Zhang L 2020 [61] | SCHZ | 35 | 43 | 19–59 | 26 | 9 | >7 | 6.5 | 31.3 |
| Zhang L 2020b [62] | BD | 13 | 44.5 | 29–59 | 7 | 6 | 8.7 | 6.5 | 39.7 |
| Cabrera-Mendoza B 2020 [63] | DD, BD | 48 | 31 | - | 38 | 10 | >6 | - | 15.8 |
| Cabrera-Mendoza B 2020b [63] | DD, PD | 21 | 28.4 | - | 21 | 0 | >6 | - | 14.3 |
| Postolache TT 2020 [64] | DD | 15 | 39 | - | 13 | 2 | 7.9 | 6.6 | 35 |
| Yoshino Y 2020 [65] | DD | 43 | 50.3 | - | 26 | 17 | 8 | 6.8 | 17.9 |
| Squassina A 2020 [66] | BD | 7 | 40.6 | 4 | 3 | ||||
| Pandey GN 2021 [67] | DD | 24 | 38.95 | 19–74 | 14 | 10 | ≈7 | 6.95 | 18.91 |
| Romero-Pimentel AL 2021 [68] | Psychiatric | 35 | 33.11 | - | 35 | 0 | 7.4 | - | 11.2 |
| Overall | 1450 | 39 | 12–94 | 1058 | 392 | 7 | 6.5 | 24 |
BD: Bipolar disorder; DD: Depression disorder; SCHZ: Schizophrenia; CA: Child abuse; SUD: Substance-use disorder; N: Sample size; M: Male; F: Female; RIN: RNA integrity numbers; postmortem interval.